Our journey into the future begins in the past free essay sample

Journey is a very broad topic for everyone. It encompasses all of time and space, everywhere and anywhere. It could be a journey about a growing process; it could be a journey about an exploration. There are tons of topics about a journey; journeys are different for everyone. Our journey into the future begins in the past. Our growing process of us starts when we are born. We grow and learn until death. Our growing process comes with experiences, and experiences help us to gain knowledge. Remember TV came out in the 20s? It was black and white until the early 60s when the colored TV began. TV wasn’t popular until the 60s, but because people could watch the news and movies instead of going to the theatres and listening to radio, they gained more knowledge about many topics. Later on in the 21st century, TV became HD. The growing process doesn’t just come from experiences and knowledge, but also from imagination and popularity. We will write a custom essay sample on Our journey into the future begins in the past or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, that’s not all; this is just the beginning! Our inventions lead us to the future. A long running sci-fi series named Star Trek that had many technologies from the James T. Kirk era has now been successfully popularized. Back in the 1960-1980s, Star Trek popularized over 10 technologies such as, personal computers, tablets, remote location finding (GPS), sliding doors, large view screens, communicator, and many others! Without Star Trek, we would not even know how these technologies were used. The inventions continued and some inventions were inspired from movies and TV shows. In Japan, a long running animated detective series known as Detective Conan had a pair of glasses that could be used with GPS to track down a target. A similar or perhaps the same invention by Google, inspired Detective Conan and invented Google Glass. Our inspiration, imagination and inventions won’t end. When we have surpassed rocket technology, our next goal will be invent Star Trek’s starship to many passengers to explore every star, every planet. The most famous quote of Star Trek is, â€Å"Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its mission is to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. † Now, that is when our journey into the future begins in the past.

Medication is the induction of formulated chemicals Essay Example

Medication is the induction of formulated chemicals Essay Example Medication is the induction of formulated chemicals Paper Medication is the induction of formulated chemicals Paper An important part of the health care process is the administration of medications to the clients in a medical facility. Medication is the induction of formulated chemicals with relatively predictable effects to meet the homeostasis of the body to alleviate an illness. This said medications include the forms of oral medication like tablets and capsules, intravenous medication that may be directly injected in the intravenous line or in the vein itself, subcutaneous medications which may includes the different transdermal patches and subcutaneous injections, and topical medications which may take form of creams or fluid for instillation. Oftentimes, it is the duty of the registered nurse (RN) to administer and manage patients during and after medication up to the evaluation of the effects of the medicine, but this intervention is collaborative in nature which involves the combined coordination and judgment of the attending physician, the licensed practical nurses, the registered nurses, and the licensed pharmacist. This is the ideal setting of medication management of the client under the health care providers, but because of the different shortages in the hospital staffs for the past years and with the overwhelming financial crisis, the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) has been utilized by the hospitals to overcome the understaffing and financial issues of the different medical facilities. While most of the medical institutions are requesting for a more flexible utilization of the UAP’s because of their advantages to the institution, the clients are addressing some quality and safety issues with regards to the use of those unlicensed personnels in place of services, competency, and judgment of a licensed medical practitioner or registered nurses. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel, or UAP, are individuals who are trained to function in an assistive role to the registered professional nurse in the provision of patient/client care activities as delegated by and under the supervision of the registered professional nurse. (ANA, 1997). Those personnels are under the supervision of the registered nurses and practical nurses, and the delegation of task to this personnels especially in medications should not include task that uses professional judgment and interventions because this is an exclusive function of the registered nurses. In medication of the patients, the unlicensed personnels are legally not allowed to administer medications without the supervision of the licensed practitioners or registered nurses because of the possibility of incompetence in the administration of medications in the part of the unlicensed personnels or the possibility of unpredictable situations which may call the use of professional nursing judgment and interventions as in adverse reactions or anaphylaxis. Overview and History of Issues: There have been an increasing number of unlicensed personnels that is hired to assist registered nurses and licensed practical nurses in the hospital routines. Such practices have caught the attention of the clients of health care because of the fact that those personnels are unlicensed yet they are performing task and duties that they often observed as duties and task of registered nurses. While competency of the unlicensed personnels is questioned, the clients need not to worry because all of this services that are rendered by unlicensed personnels are strictly supervised by the registered nurses. As cited from the Texas Administrative Code of 2003, it says that â€Å"In situations where the RNs regularly scheduled presence is required to provide nursing services, including assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation of the client whose health status is changing and/or to evaluate the clients health status, the RN must be readily available to supervise the unlicensed person in the performance of delegated tasks. Settings include, but are not limited to acute care, long term care, rehabilitation centers, and/or clinics providing public health services† (Texas Administrative Code, 2003a). This explains that the accurateness of the procedures done by the unlicensed personnels are strictly supervised and analyzed by the registered nurse, and further implies that the professional nursing care will not be deprived from the client because only selected task are given to this personnels. The administration of medications by this unlicensed personnels are included in the bracket quoted above, wherein in case that an unlicensed personnel gives medication to the client, it is assured that the personnel have enough competency to do the medication administration, and that it should be provided that the registered nurse accompanies this personnels in giving the medication. The fact that there is a widespread use the unlicensed personnel in the medical profession, steps are being undertaken to control the quality of their service. Some states requires a certification of those unlicensed personnel before entering a medical institution; some have institutional examinations on hands-on ability of the unlicensed personnels; and some have a period of observation and training in the hospital facility before being able to render care. Still, the fear of the clients of the fact that this personnels are still unlicensed forced each government of the states in collaboration with each local board of nurses to release a memorandum or administrative order to set the scope of practice of the unlicensed assistive personnels. For example, the State of Texas Board of Nursing Examiners has released administrative orders to set the scope of practice of these unlicensed personnels by quoting on their administrative order that â€Å"The nursing task must be one that a reasonable and prudent RN would find is within the scope of sound nursing judgment to delegate. † and â€Å"The nursing task must be one that, in the opinion of the delegating RN, can be properly and safely performed by the unlicensed person involved without jeopardizing the clients welfare. † (Texas Administrative Code, 2003b) The Pro’s and Con’s of the Issue: The utilization of the unlicensed personnels has greatly improved the speed of the health care delivery system, sparing the time of the registered nurses in making routine care for clients. It is very beneficial for the registered nurses if there will be unlicensed personnel that will aid him in giving medication if he is assigned in the ward with 20 or more patients under his care, which commonly happens on understaffed hospitals in some states. The double checking of the right medication towards the appropriate patient will be further improved and strengthened because of the joint effort of the nurse and the unlicensed personnel and by observing the regimen of the patients and confirming it to the nurse on duty if any confusion occurs. This is especially beneficial on the hospitals who do not observe the functional routine wherein nurses are assigned in different field of works like charting, vital signs monitoring, medication, and the like. Another benefit of this system of hiring unlicensed personnel is that the hospital administration will just have to hire competent unlicensed personnels who can do nonetheless close to what a pure staff of registered nurses can do because it is much more cheaper to do so. It is implied that before the hospital do this steps, they assure first that the competency level of the unlicensed personnel are beyond average and can be trusted with minimum assistance and supervision from the registered nurses. The negative side of this system of hiring unlicensed personnel is that the health care delivery system is delivered with speed but with less accuracy and possibility of errors because this personnels are not really trained and legally qualified to do so, like in giving medications. It is given that the medication done by this personnel are supervised, but the skills that they are using in the process are not controlled in the own hands of the registered nurses who are supervising them. Because of this, there is still a chance of incompetencies and this concludes that the use of the unlicensed personnels, however competent they are, should be limited only to the safest task that they can do with the most minimal risk of having errors. Because of this issue, the public which are the primary clients of health care, are alarmed of the possible errors that may happen to them especially in receiving medications. In this scenario, it is possible that the clients may have a reduce trust to the medical facilities and hospitals because of the prevalence of this unlicensed personnels which are performing professional nurses task. A continued effect of this is the drop on the willingness to submit to medical attention of the clients of health care because of fear of malpractice. Such scenario should be avoided as soon as possible for it will increase the morbidity rate of the population. Recommendations: Evaluating the different side of the issue, it is proper now to recommend that first, the scope of practice of the unlicensed personnels should strictly be followed even though the personnel is very competent and is capable of task above his job description like the administration of medication. The license that a registered nurse holds plus the training, education, experience, and competency makes them very different to unlicensed personnels and this personnels will never be able to fit the place of registered nurses, legally and competency-wise. Secondly, the hospital administration should be advocate of the client’s welfare and should assure the full health care that they will receive is from the hands of professionals. It is not recommended to disregard the help of the unlicensed personnel for they are very useful as patients advocate, it is just recommended that they stick to the scope of their practice to ensure maximum effectiveness and accurateness of the health care delivery system. The continuous hiring of the unlicensed personnel in place of the registered nurses should be stopped because this will deteriorate the image of the health care delivery system in the face of the public. Another recommendation I have derived is that the registered nurse should be really cautious in delegating the task of giving medication to the clients, especially in situations wherein the condition of the patient is not predictable. It is because nursing judgment and assessment is highly needed in these kinds of situations for medications in critical care. To sum it up, administration of medication to the client should be handled with utmost care and supervision if it is to be done by unlicensed personnel and if possible, delegating such task by the registered nurse to the unlicensed personnel should be avoided as much as possible and be reconsidered for the possible situation for the safety of the client. Reference: ANA. (1997). UNLICENSED ASSISTIVE PERSONNEL LEGISLATION 1997 [Electronic Version] from http://nursingworld. org/gova/hod97/uap. htm. Texas Administrative Code [Electronic (2003a). Version]. DELEGATION OF NURSING TASKS BY REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL NURSES TO UNLICENSED PERSONNEL FOR CLIENTS WITH ACUTE CONDITIONS OR IN ACUTE CARE ENVIRONMENTS. Retrieved April 2007 from http://info. sos. state. tx. us/pls/pub/readtac$ext. TacPage? sl=Rapp=9p_dir=p_rloc=p_tloc=p_ploc=pg=1p_tac=ti=22pt=11ch=224rl=7. Texas Administrative Code [Electronic (2003b). Version]. DELEGATION OF NURSING TASKS BY REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL NURSES TO UNLICENSED PERSONNEL FOR CLIENTS WITH ACUTE CONDITIONS OR IN ACUTE CARE ENVIRONMENTS. Retrieved April 2007 from http://info. sos. state. tx. us/pls/pub/readtac$ext. TacPage? sl=Rapp=9p_dir=p_rloc=p_tloc=p_ploc=pg=1p_tac=ti=22pt=11ch=224rl=6.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English - Essay Example So, for the progress of countries, it becomes necessary to promote English in academic sphere on a wider level. The Journal ‘Language loss, Identity, and English as an International Language’ has been chosen to support the argument that the attitude of people towards English language greatly depend on its socio-economical importance in different fields of life. This is also expressed that the language of a set of people certainly acts as an upholder of their identity and the arrival of English as a major foreign language can endanger the purity of national language because of its flexible nature to become a part of it. Originally, English was spoken as a local language by a set of people living on an island off the western coast of Europe. It had no established identity and it was just one among many languages. Now, the English language has emerged as the most prominent and prestigious language with all its flexibility of accepting great changes with the passage of time. Now English has a great variety in itself because of its exposure to different communities (Seargeant, P., 2012). On an individual level, the value of language is perceived according to the specific context in which the person is using the language as Seargeant describes the personal experience of a man who originally got his education in both Farsi and English in Iran and later moved to Liverpool University for Structural Engineering. When he returned to his homeland, he was more fluent in English and it was hard for him to speak much Farsi and realized that many of the technical terms were not translated in Farsi and were being used in English. . This carries the impact of English as the language for higher and technical studies. Another example, he quotes, of a woman who moved from South of England to the North and her accent was considered as a token of her socio-economical identity which she never thought of and was considered as a role model for her accent and taught English to many students. (Seargeant, P., 2012). So everybody has different experience regarding language and as a result it brings forth a unique value of language and shapes a different attitude towards it. The people who move from one place to another, their language practice get influenced by the new environments they live in. It is also noteworthy that English language does not remain only a mean of communication rather it brings an acknowledgement of how you saw yourself and how other people perceive you (U214, DVD 1, Clip 1.3, Language histories). On a wider level, the history of a country develops a collective attitude towards a language depending on benefits that the practice of language brings. English being an international language tends to bring promising economical future so, for approaching the higher education internationally and opening ways to job opportunities the government and private institutes of many countries introduce English as a medium of their education (Seargea nt, P., 2012). The English language encountered a variety of general attitudes in China. Bolton writes in ‘Chinese Englishes: A Sociolinguistic History’ that after the establishment of Republic, in 1949, the whole setup of the country was subjected to a great deal of changes and English was introduced in schools as a major foreign language. Soon after

Contemporary communication essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary communication - Essay Example Even noticeable have been the points of divergence in the manner in which information should be disseminated. This paper compares and contrasts the manner in which information in current affairs programs and regular news program is disseminated with respect to communication devices. In order to effectively achieve this, it focuses on the way BBC television news and CNN current affairs program covered the Casey Anthony’s case. BBC (2011) news makes use of the images, as well as sound. It features how the jury comprising of seven women and five men ended up in the rejection of the prosecutions that Ms. that Anthony was responsible for the murder of Caylee. The news describes that Ms. Anthony had been accused of dosing her with chloroform, making her suffocate using a tape and dumping her body in the woods. However, the accused was found to be guilty of relative petty offenses such as child neglect. As this is done, the image of Ms. Anthony is presented. Each time the information is described, the pictures in the proceeding are features in real images, breaking the monotony of vision of the news anchor. The news offers a description of the appearance of the accused during the verdict delivery session. Here, Ms. Anthony, who faced a death sentence if found guilty, cried in the quietly. The moments after the jury left the room, she went about hugging her lawyers tightly while she sobbed. All these are not only presented in words, but also in images. The News offers the description of the amount of time that the Ms. Anthony had spent in the jail while awaiting her trial, and also talks about the time that her release was expected. She had been made to spend about two and a half years in jail while she waited for trial. She was to be expectedly released soon, despite the minor offenses that she had been found guilty. This is because she had already served enough time in the jail. Images of the state of the parents and even the prosecutors during the court

Future Plan Essay Example for Free

Future Plan Essay Hi, my name is Alberto Bazan. I am eighteen years of age. This year, two-thousand-thirteen Im going tom graduate from Alief Hastings High School. Im going to enroll in a community college in fall for my basic course, and later transfer into a university. My majoring plan is to become a Petroleum engineer. Now that I have some type of experience in the oil field, where I started working after I turned eighteen. The important question is : why am I deciding to go to college? First of all, like some people in this world; love making. So I decided to first choose a career I would like, and would make good amount of money. Second reason is because without knowledge, Im not going to have open opportunities for high-payed jobs. Last but not least; I comprehend that college is very important at this point of our lifetime, because it would help my future in where I can live life without worries of not having the knowledge and skills to get a job. Now in days it is not easy obtaining any job where you can live without worries. From my point of view, I personally think Im not a person to be in school. So therefor, my experience in college can be very harsh at times. I might have ups and downs though out my future career. I know for sure Im going to struggle throughout college, but Im not going to give up in achieving my goals, and to finish my major. Thats why Im going to college!

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay

The Indigenous Populations In Trinidad History Essay The Spanish colonization of Trinidad began through Christopher Columbus. Columbus was born to a weaver in the year 1451; he began sailing in the early 1470s. During the days of Columbus, gold was very limited and it was believed that the wealth of a nation would be determined by the amount of gold its economy owned. He made his third voyage in the year 1498, with the sponsorship and the approval from Spanish monarchy in return for the title of lands and a great percentage of profits from his voyage. His voyage was an attempt to provide evidence to support his theory that the world was round, and he would be able to reach the Indies (located in the east) easier and faster by sailing in a westward direction. He wanted to sail to the Indies to acquire the immense riches he heard of in India, and return the wealth to the Spanish monarchy. The Spanish believed that it would be profitable to trade with India because they had precious gold and immense riches because of their resources. Howe ver in his attempt to reach the Indies it was at this point he rediscovered Trinidad, unfortunately he believed that he had reach India for the Spanish had no prior knowledge of the Americas. On July 31st the island of Trinidad was then claimed to the crown in this year and it stayed in the rulings of the Spanish until the year 1797. Upon Columbus arrival in Trinidad he was amazed that this theory was indeed right and that he had reached India. He immediately examined the native people with the biases eyes of his European nature. He recognized the indigenous people to be good factors of production (labour). Columbus also acknowledged that the Caribs were violent people but they seemed healthy and intelligent and would make good slaves to the queen. However the native saw the Spaniard as Gods because of their white skin complexion, so they immediately welcomed them. The native worshiped, served and granted the desires of the Spanish. They believed in doing so, the Gods as they called the Spanish would be pleased of them, and they would be richly blessed. Columbus entered Trinidad for reasons such as mercantilism, colonialism, and to expand their religion of Christianity upon the native people claiming titles and profits for the Spanish monarchy. The population of Trinidad was mainly comprised of two sets of indigenous tribes known as the Amerindians, recorded from written history; they were called the Tainos and the Kalinagos. They were known as the Arawaks and Caribs respectively, these names given by the Europeans. The Arawaks began to settle in Trinidad around 250BC. They arrived from the Orinoco region and were much more advance than the earlier settlers. The Arawaks were great hunters and farmers for the purpose of sustaining their food needs. Their religion had a selective mixture representing nature worship, ancestor worship and protective magic. They adorned themselves with mixtures of colored dye smeared in pattern on their bodies also with hanging ornaments. They created their own crafts and weapons using simple elements of nature. They developed small temporary village societies; their houses were round with steep thatched roofs. The Arawaks portrayed honesty, sympathy, generosity and put others before themselves. They were considered to be a little more civilized and humane than the Caribs. The Caribs arrived in Trinidad after the Arawaks around AD 1000. They also journeyed through the Orinoco region. Eventually they had great control of the entire Lesser Antilles. The Caribs aggressive by nature, the Europeans falsely address them as human flesh eaters. Their lifestyles were stemmed from the former settlers of Trinidad, the Arawaks. They adopted traits form the Arawaks, which made them very similar to the Arawaks. They were described from the Europeans to be taller, stronger and more beautiful than the Arawaks. The Caribs diet was similar to the Arawaks but they had more protein in their diet. They relied less on cassava and maize because they were excellent fishers. Their religions were similar to the Arawaks, as well as, the way they adorn themselves with dye smeared on their body. The Carib houses being woven thatch, they looked like beehives. Their social organizations were different from the Arawaks the males were separated from the females and were thought warrio r training. The Arawaks had no segregation. These traits uniquely represented the ethnicities cultures and lifestyles of the indigenous people of Trinidad. The Amerindians were simple, peaceful and free-willed humans. During Columbus conquest of Trinidad, the physiological destruction of the native came, by forcing the natives to accept the Roman Catholicism as the only acceptable religion and enforcing the role of slaves because the Amerindians were seen as subhuman. The physical destruction of the natives was also accomplished by the Spanish through exploitation of the native tribes for labour. They brought new diseases to the island which the indigenous people were vulnerable to, even hunting the native as a means of entertainment was done by the Spanish who adopted the hidalgo class attitude. The worth and essence of native races were destroyed through miscegenation. The Spaniards fought and killed the men of the tribes for their females because they came without wives. These cruel and malevolent changes which the Spanish imposed on the natives led to the decimation of the indigenous populations in Trinidad. The religion of the Spanish, Roman Catholicism remains the largest Christian denomination and the single largest grouping in the nation. Following the success of Columbus voyage the Spanish monarchy secured the religious title of Trinidad and by extension the entire western hemisphere. The Spaniards were convinced that if they could change the religious view of an individual to their religion Christianity, they would have great power or great control on the individual. They also believed that service to God was the sole legitimate purpose of all human beings and once their religion was delivered to the world, the Spanishs empire would be very pleased and powerful. The Spanish leaders regarded the right of the native mainly because they werent of Christianity and brutally enforced the religion of Roman Catholicism on the native. They made the religion mandatory, forbidding the natives to practice their own religious rituals and anything of Amerindian nature. The Spanish destroyed thei r zemis and places of worship which the native build to practice their rituals. Objection to the Spanish religion would result in extreme punishment or possible death. The force of Christianity impacted negatively on the natives for a huge amount of the population was killed in a short time also their unique cultures were slowly vanished. Despite the queens attempt to treat the natives fairly according to her Christian faith, she understood that force labour was necessary for the development of the country. The Repartimiento system was soon introduced by Columbus and was further developed to the Encomiendas systems. These systems were accepted and passed by the house of Castile. The system would distribute the natives in groups and submit them to wealthy Spaniards for the purpose of labour. The masters were to ensure the protection, civilization, payment and conversation of the natives passed by the Burgos law in return for their labour. However the masters completely ignored the crown. The native were made official slaves through the system of the Encomiendas. The Encomonderos (the masters) saw the system as a venue to produce force labour without paying any wages therefore gaining in a lot of profits for themselves. The native were unfamiliar with the harsh working conditions of the Encomiendas system, compared to t heir former lifestyle. The natives believed that the Gods were displeased, and they were being punished for their wrong doings. They began to commit suicide, infanticide and ran away instead of submitting their self and their infants to the Encomonderos. Through the extreme conditions of the masters daily labour, working the farms in the hot sun for long hours. This brought a number of deaths. Working the gold mines with extreme beatings and heavy loads also brought loss. As a result the native had little time and strength to attend to their own gardens (Conucos) which provided them with food to sustain the life of their families and themselves. The Spaniards also allowed their animals to trample and eat the produce of the native leading them to starvation. The Encomiendas system was the result of legal deaths of a vast amount of the indigenous people through starvation and physical strain of labour. Another major reason which caused the genocide of the native was the Smallpox and measles. These two diseases are the most famous diseases, brought to the indigenous people by the Spanish deliberate intension to kill the natives. They offered the natives blankets infected with smallpox. These diseases had a major influence on the decrease in population. Several tribes and villages had been completely killed out to extinct because they were unknowledgeable and unequipped to immune themselves of these new, strange diseases. Additionally, hunting and killing the native as a means of sport or entertainment to the Spanish significantly supported the genocide of the natives. They used steel swords, tipped pikes and cross-bows, they also used armor-covered horses and dogs because they had knowledge the native were very fearful of those large animal. They allowed the bloodhounds to tear there victims to pieces and the horses to trample over the natives. The Spaniards competed on their horses to cut off a native head with just one stroke and run their swords through the body and out the other side of the natives. They drown the native babies by dropping them of cliffs into rivers. The Nobbles and Chiefs of the Spaniards had the privilege to burn the native to death for this practice was reserved for their personal pleasure. The natives had simple weapons such as bows and arrows, stone clubs and wooden spears which were no match compared to the weapons of the Spanish. The Spaniards had great advantage over the natives. The native suffered severely at the hand of the Spanish. These cruel practices lead to several deaths of the indigenous population in Trinidad. Furthermore miscegenation was the factor which caused the value of races of the native to become abolished. On Columbus third voyage he was only able to gather mostly soldiers who fought in the battle to defeat the Moorish kingdom and criminal. These Spaniards were interested in adventure and had no concerns or regards for the natives. They came without their wives and began to seek interest in the female Amerindians. The Spanish began to take the females of the native tribes as their own. The Amerindian men were very displeased so they rebelled against the Spanish. The Spanish, being at the advantage with their weapons and animals quickly defeated the Amerindians attempt to protect their females. The Spanish exceeded once again in their horrible acts against the native and had their way. Soon after new form of races and cultures were introduced, a mixture of Spanish and Amerindian decent. Thus the rich values of the Amerindians races and cultures were slowly faded. Although the Spanish colonization mostly affected the natives negatively, they did also bring with them some positive contributions. The Spanish introduce technological development, with this new technology they learned to build advance ships and to use nautical instruments for navigation on their journeys. Crops such as banana, wheat, rice, coffee and olive where introduce to the natives through the Spanish. They cultivated many lands and harvest abundantly. Trinidad was recognized for their success in the development of its plantation economy and its mass production. The Spanish also imported their animals such as chickens, pigs, horses, cows and dogs. These animals were a factor of production for both labour support and produce. The animals also give Trinidad a variety in its animal species. The term colonization refers to the inhabitation, maintenance and expansion of colonies of an area from persons of a different area. In this context the Spanish certainly colonized Trinidad. Regrettably the Spanish colonization did undoubtedly cause the decimation of the indigenous population of Trinidad almost too extinct. This process started with the entry of Christopher Columbus and his crew members. The Spanish had obtained a greed to gain power and riches overall and lead the worlds economy. They also had a passion to convert the souls of others or heathens to the form of Christianity by any means possible. They believed it was their purpose for life on earth. They made their religion compulsory for the natives. They invaded the territories of the native and control them regardless of their persistent rejection. They made them slaves for their selfish need to obtain power and most of the natives were killed it the defensive wars to keep their freedom. They brought strange disea ses and hunted them for entertainment; they also caused miscegenation and therefore the native cultures and races slowly became nonexistent. Indeed the colonization is the cause of the extermination of the indigenous population of Trinidad.

Cookies as Spyware Essay

This paper addresses Cookies as Spyware. The option chosen was to analyze the issues associated with cookies being used as spyware. Are cookies pieces of malicious, benign, or innocent software? The next paragraphs of this paper will discuss the various uses of cookies. And, then, the paper will conclude with my opinion about cookies based upon my research findings. Since web browsing uses a stateless connection, cookies are used to maintain the state of a browsing session. Cookies are small data files that are produced by a web server that are stored on your computer. Cookies allow a personalized web browsing experience because of the identifying information that they store within them (such as login information, passwords, web pages visited, and/or items placed in a shopping cart). There are different types of cookies that are created for specific purposes. They include session, persistent, first-party, and third-party cookies. Session cookies are used to store information related to a particular visit during one session. Persistent cookies are used to store information permanently on your hard drive about your interactions and/or preferences with a certain web site. First-party cookies are used by the specific site that created them while their website is being visited, whereas third-party cookies are not created by the website that is being visited. Third-party cookies are created by another website besides the website being visited such as a banner advertisement on the web page that is being visited. (â€Å"Encyclopedia,†) While most cookies appear to be used solely for the purpose of enhancing the user’s web browsing experience, cookies can be used for other purposes including adware or spyware if they contain active code. Adware is used to automatically download or display advertisements on a person’s computer. Spyware is technology used to gather information about a person or organization without their consent or knowledge and relay that information back to advertisers or other interested parties. (â€Å"Information security magazine,† 2008) Technology has evolved to the point where cookies can or have been abused, so they are associated with some security risks. The risks associated with cookies are hijacking (session hijacking), inaccurate identification (due to multiple user accounts or different browsers being used on a single PC), poisoning or stealing (cookie manipulation), and lack of expiration or artificially long expiration periods (allowing cookies to remain when they are no longer needed can allow the cookies to be stolen or attacked). (â€Å"Are all cookies,† 2010) All of these security risks can be used to gain access to or steal personal information from a user or their computer. In conclusion, from the research articles reviewed, it is my opinion that cookies are both beneficial and potentially harmful if used improperly. Cookies can be used safely to enjoy their beneficial purposes for web browsing by following some simple rules. Routinely find and delete unnecessary cookies by navigating to the path on your hard drive where your cookies are stored (C:Documents and Settings[username]Cookies). There really isn’t much danger in deleting these files since new cookies are automatically downloaded the next time you visit the site anyway. Also, check to make sure that your browser settings are only allowing first-party cookies (restrict third-party cookies). Another important thing is to install antivirus software (such as Symantec Endpoint Protection, Sophos, McAfee, or any other reputable vendor) and keep your antivirus software updated properly. Perform regular scans on your hard drive and all attached peripherals to prevent infections. Keep operating system patches updated to prevent anyone from hacking your system because of a known vulnerability. Web browsing would be much less personalized if we completely denied ourselves the privileges associated with cookies.

Caribbean Literature

The evolution of Caribbean Literature started centuries before the Europeans graced these shores and continues to develop today. Quite noticeably, it developed in a manner which transcended all language barriers and cultures. Today the languages of the Caribbean are rooted in that of the colonial powers – France, Britain, Spain and Holland – whose historical encounters are quite evident throughout the region.The cosmopolitan nature of the region's language and cultural diversity develop from the mixture of European languages with Native American languages (mainly the Caribs and Arawaks) in the formation of creoles and local patois (hybrid languages) and those of Africans brought to the Caribbean as slaves, not withstanding the contributions of Asians mainly from India and China, and Middle Easterners. The fabric of Caribbean Literature is woven with the historical issues of enslavement and forced migration, the related themes of home and exile, and colonialism and decol onization.The social and cultural themes of tradition, landscape, culture and community are also encompassed by Caribbean Literature. It also addresses such universal questions as identity, sexuality, family life, pain, joy, and the uses of the imagination. It is virtually impossible to keep Caribbean Literature only within the confines of writings produced within the Caribbean Islands. Caribbean Literature also transcends the borders of Central and South America extending to the shores of Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana; and coastal areas of Colombia, Nicaragua, Belize and Honduras.Evidence of aspects of Caribbean Literature can also be seen in literary works produced in various areas of the USA including Miami and New Orleans. Works of Caribbean Literature have also been produced by people of Caribbean ancestry who live primarily in Europe and major urban centers of the United States. ORAL LITERATURE Oral literature can be considered as the earliest form of Caribbean Literature co nsisting mainly of rich folk- tale traditions, legends andmyths, songs and poetry. Today this legacy is resplendent in popular music such as the CALYPSO, the Cuban SON, and the Puerto Rican BOMBA; in the traditions of storytelling originating out of West Africa and India; and in supernatural tales from African religions, including SANTERIA, LUCUMI,VODUN (vodoo), and SHANGO. Proverbs, riddles, and sayings that reinterpret African, European, and East Indian traditions are also most prominent in Caribbean literature.Among these are Anancy (a cunning spider) stories; animal dilema tales, which typically teach a moral lesson; stories of village life or evil women; tall tales; and rhetorical flourishes, such as boasting, toasts, and speeches. PRE AND POST INDEPENDENCE LITERARY WORKS Autobiography and poetry were the most prevalent literary works from the 16th century to the mid – 19th century. In these works were introduced themes that became common in Caribbean literature; exile, migration, displacement and questions of identity.The history of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave, (Related by Herself), is the most prominent of these writings in English. Early Caribbean writings in Spanish saw that of the autobiography of the slave Juan Francisco Manzano of Cuba in the 1820's and 1830's, Jose Maria Herida Placido ( a slave who was executed in1844 for his role in a slave uprising) and the Cuban anthropologist Miguel Barnet. Max Urena of the Dominican Republic produced nationalist works in the 19th century. The French speaking Caribbean saw works by Emeric Bergeaud and Desmevar Delorme.Distinct national literary traditions began in the 20thcentury because few Caribbean countries gained their independence before this period. Twentieth century Caribbean literature can be divided into three periods: the first thirty years during colonial rule; the years just prior to independence between the 1940's and 1960's or later, and the period after independence. During the fle dgling years (1930's) a movement celebrating African culture and values rose to prominence. The movement originated in France and was called NEGRITUDE.However, its founders include Leon Gontran Damas of French Guiana and Aime Cesaire of Martinique. Rene Maran of Martinique won the Prix Goncourt (a French literary prize) with the novel Batouala (1921) which called for identification with black culture. In the Spanish – speaking Caribbean African themes were presented in a most exotic manner, highlighting African and black identity for artistic inspiration. Prominent writers in this movement include Luis Pales Matos from Puerto Rico and Emillo Ballagas from Cuba.The works of Cuban poet Nicolas Guillen from the 1930's share sentiments with the politics of NEGRITUDE and address issues surrounding the struggle against colonialism. Alejo Carpentier, also of Cuba, achieved recognition with his novels in which he explores the history and sources of Caribbean culture. The English â₠¬â€œ speaking Caribbean abounds with prominent writers including Jamaican novelist Tom Redcam (Thomas Macdermot), Claude Mckay, Jamaican born poet, and perhaps the best known writer of this generation internationally.Mckay later became one of the leading writers of Harlem Renaissance, a flowering black culture in New York in the 1920's and 1930's. Other writers who rose to prominence during this period are C. L. R. James of Trinidad, whose works protest against colonialism and help to define the anticolonial political and cultural struggles of his time. He was also instrumental in the formation of the literary magazines Trinidad (founded 1929) and the Beacon founded (1931); these publications were instrumental in the development of a Caribbean literary tradition.Alfred Mendes and Ralph de Boissiere (Trinidadians) both contributed articles and poetry to the magazines. PRE – INDEPENDENCE RENAISSANCE This period saw the emergence of a generation of writers whose works sought aft er liberation and presented a distinctive portrait of Caribbean culture. The Jamaican Vic Reid, looks forward to a â€Å"new day† of independence with his novel New Day (1949); the displaced, downtrodden, urban population of the Caribbean is portrayed by Roger Mais also of Jamaica.He also experiments with jazz rhythms in his language, while Una Mason, a Jamaican poet uses blues rhythm in her poetry collections. A vivid portrait of Guyana's countryside and society is presented by Edgar Mittleholzer in his novel A Morning At The Office (1950). On the other hand, one of the first and most important Caribbean works dealing with childhood and coming of age in a colonial context was produced by George Lamming, from Barbados, in the novel â€Å"In The Castle Of My Skin† (1953).This novel focuses on the struggles of three young boys with poverty, a colonial education, social change and the forging of an identity; hovering in the background is the promise of migration to the me tropolitan centers. The mythology of Native Americans and Africans is emphasized in Wilson Harris's novel Palace of the Peacock (1960), while Martin Carter's Poems of Resistance seek liberation from colonial rule. During this period a number of female writers were also very active. Beryl Gilroy of Guyana wrote novels, children's stories, and an autobiography.Sylvia Wynter of Jamaica incorporates elements of folk culture into her work. From Dominica, Phyllis Shand Allfrey won recognition for her analysis of colonial power in her work, while Jean Rhys received critical acclaim for novels about women caught in situations they are unable to change. POST INDEPENDENCE This period saw the emergence of poets from the English – speaking Caribbean; Derek Walcott from Saint Lucia is perhaps the best-known Caribbean writer internationally. In 1992 he won the Nobel Prize for literature. In addition to poetry, Walcott is well known as a playwright.At the same time Eduard Kamau Brathwaite c hallenged the formal structures of European poetry by adopting the rhythms, references, and language of the African and Afro- Caribbean traditions. Brathwaite broadened the possible use of language in his works for a number of subsequent writers, including Jamaican oral poets Mutabaruka, Linton Quesi Johnson, and John Binta Breeze. Earl Lovelace and V. S. Naipaul count among other noted English – language writers born in Trinidad and Tobago. Naipaul received recognition for novels that focus on East Indians living in the Caribbean.Lovelace whose works won a Commonwealth prize wrote on issues of poverty, education, and village life. The French – speaking Caribbean saw prominent contemporary writers in Daniel Maxim of Guadeloupe and Edouard Glissant and Patrick Chamoiseau of Martinique. Chamoiseau explores issues of black identity, and creole cultural identity. The latter was produced along with Jean Bernabe and Rafael Confiant. Chamoiseau won the Pri Goncourt for his no vel Texaco (1929). Noted female writers are Maryse Conde of Guadeloupe who is considered a significant voice among female writers, having won several French prizes for her literary work.Simone Schwarz -Bart, also of Guadeloupe, writes of the search for identity while Nancy Morejon of Cuba is recognized as a leading poetic voice. Her collection entitled Cuaderno de Granada 1984 (Grenada Notebook, 1984) honors those who participated in Grenada's socialist revolution in 1983. Caribbean writers have impacted greatly on the international arena and have gained worldwide recognition for their numerous works. Literary critics are also recognizing the Caribbean roots of some African American writers who are explicit about their Caribbean parentage

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Malcolm X vs. Anne Moody In this paper I will discuss the valuable roles Malcolm X and Anne Moody played in the Civil Rights Movement. I will also compare and contrast their very different methods to fixing the problem. Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925 to Louise Little, a mulatto born in Grenada, British West Indies, and Earl Little, a Baptist minister and an organizer for Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement association. (X, p.2) His mother was a homemaker who looked after Malcolm and his seven brothers’ and sister’s. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken minister; because of this the family received numerous threats and was forced to move several times. Soon the Ku Klux Klan burnt his house, which was followed by his father’s murder. Malcolm did not only suffer abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence, also. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children, except Malcolm. When his father passed his mother had eight children to raise on her own during the depression and could not handle it too well. She soon suffered from a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. The children were all placed in foster homes. Malco lm’s resentment increased through these hard times, which caused him to then be driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. Malcolm was first sent to a foster home and then a reform school. When he was in Junior High School he was the top student of his class, but his education was forever changed when a teacher told Malcolm his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"No realistic goal for a nigger.†(X, p.38) After the eighth grade, Malcolm moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in hustling. Roxbury proved to be too small for him, so in 1942 he took a job as a railroad dining car porter, working out of Roxbury and Harlem. In Harlem he became involved in the same things, robbery, prostitution, and drugs. After a ye... Free Essays on Malcolm X Vs. Anne Moody Free Essays on Malcolm X Vs. Anne Moody Malcolm X vs. Anne Moody In this paper I will discuss the valuable roles Malcolm X and Anne Moody played in the Civil Rights Movement. I will also compare and contrast their very different methods to fixing the problem. Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925 to Louise Little, a mulatto born in Grenada, British West Indies, and Earl Little, a Baptist minister and an organizer for Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement association. (X, p.2) His mother was a homemaker who looked after Malcolm and his seven brothers’ and sister’s. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken minister; because of this the family received numerous threats and was forced to move several times. Soon the Ku Klux Klan burnt his house, which was followed by his father’s murder. Malcolm did not only suffer abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence, also. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children, except Malcolm. When his father passed his mother had eight children to raise on her own during the depression and could not handle it too well. She soon suffered from a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. The children were all placed in foster homes. Malco lm’s resentment increased through these hard times, which caused him to then be driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. Malcolm was first sent to a foster home and then a reform school. When he was in Junior High School he was the top student of his class, but his education was forever changed when a teacher told Malcolm his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"No realistic goal for a nigger.†(X, p.38) After the eighth grade, Malcolm moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in hustling. Roxbury proved to be too small for him, so in 1942 he took a job as a railroad dining car porter, working out of Roxbury and Harlem. In Harlem he became involved in the same things, robbery, prostitution, and drugs. After a ye...

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The Communication Revolution, Entertainment , and the Arts - Essay Example The issue of surveillance has not eluded the American public and mix reactions pertaining to the matter continue to bombard the political system. Proposed bills such as Total Information Awareness would have granted the government access to the most promiscuous details in the life of any American they deem a threat to democracy. The setup of the internet creates questions of whether or not those who use it are really protected. The cookies that websites place in the computer systems can be vehicles in meddling with personal privacy. Alongside this, the internet can also serve the purpose of hacking credit card information and emails that has been recorded to incite cases such as identity theft. The availability of these technologies has introduced a number of different social phenomena that are almost incomprehensible years ago. Things like googling yourself has surfaced and has even become a colloquially accepted verb. All the other networking websites like MySpace, Friendster, Multiply, Facebook, etc. compels people to communicate with acquaintances and strangers. In 2003 the American congress prevented the Pentagon in its planned project designed to allow surveillance of any American through accessing their e-mail and other databases that contain information regarding finances, health and travel. Had the project been allowed, it would have allowed Army intelligence to use any of the information they have gathered against anyone. Luckily, both Houses agreed that this is a direct threat to personal privacy and the Total Information Awareness project was put into question (Clymer, 2003). The Pentagon concept would have given analysts who are highly trained in Intelligence to accumulate and perceive information linking any citizen to any group, enabling alerts and allowing shared data among individual computers to be viewed. They would have had

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