Thursday, February 28, 2019

Jungs View of Religion Essay

I w affliction be explaining Jung understands and his views of worship. Jung first starts with the key creation of the heed which is the three concepts of consciousness consciousness, personal unconscious mindness and the bodied consciousness. cognizance is where we actively make decisions and choices. The thoughts be based on a sensorial experience e. g. the things we see, smell, hear, touch and taste. These argon at one time accessible. The personal conscious is off thoughts, feelings, urges which are difficult to bring to the consciousness and they are not directly accessible. They have been environ affablely determined.The collective unconsciousness is get and the thoughts are shared out by everyone patterns (inherited ideas first suckers or partners that form the basic blue print for major dynamic counterparts of the human record. ) Jung believes that the archetypes pre exist in the collective unconscious of humanity. They determine how we both perceive and beh ave. Archetypes are the source of the ideas or go outs that is inherited instead of the ideas themselves. The experiences you have construct/create uniform images. We inherit a functional disposition to produce the same or very standardized ideas not inherit the idea.This is the reason for a dream dictionary, for example a person could be dreaming that their friend is falling. So the falling is the image drawn from the archetype and the friend is from their experience. So the collective unconscious mean that many of our ideas will be shared with people. There are disparate types of shared archetype examples are the person this is the mask that covers out straightforward natures for the benefit of society. The mask could be good impressions of what is expected of us by others or the false impression to manipulate others behaviour and opinions.In our dreams the may manifest itself in images of ourselves appearing at a party in disguise. The shadow this is our darker cheeks of us. In dreams it might reveal itself in the form of incarnation of evil e. g. Satan or monster. It could be deeper of our personality identity bes to be lost and individuals experience the chaos of getting closer to the material expression of psychic life. This commonly is found in the woods. The animus is the masculine side of a female. They may appear as an exotic, sensual, young man or as heroes. The anima is the female side of a male.They may appear as adancing girl, seductresses or goddess. Jung believes that the way neuroses(mental illness is caused by being psychically im equilibrize) occurs is that it arises from being psychically im eternal restd (so we become mentally ill if the when the psychic energy psychological energy by which the work of the personality is performed isnt flowing as well as it could. To maintain mental health all of the features of the personality need to be balanced so the psychic flows properly. There needs to be a balance betwixt conscious an d unconscious and the different archetype. If you fail to do this according to Jung this causes a mental disorder.Jung says by dint of identity (figuring out who you are and becoming your let self) you become psychically balanced personality through the addition of the break away of archetypes into the conscious personality. There are two main address of individuation the first part is when they come to terms with the outer environment with its challenges through work, friendship and relationship. The second part is from a middle age forrad is to come to terms with ones own personality. For example a mid-life crisis, this is when someone is in the middle of their life they want what they never had in their youth age e.g. a sports car.They want to become psychically balanced as they missed out when they was youths. The things that come from the archetype such as images or thoughts are considered to be religious. Jung redefines religious thought as the numinous. This relies on R udolf Ottos understanding of the religious or numinous experience. According to Ottos a numinous experience affects our consciousness which is caused by something external to our consciousness. whatsoever experience which is archetypal in origin can be verbalize as religious. All archetypal images are ineffable (indescribable) .Our images of god are themselves archetypal. The concept of god is one of these primordial images (an archetype). Everyone is born with the tendency to mother religious images of god and angels . the actual image that we have of god are through our experiences in the world. An example of a case study is where elude Miller had a dream about a moths believe for light. Jung said this parallel between god and light can be found in countless religious traditions e. g. the Aztec preoccupation with the sun and the Christian view of Jesus as light of the world. The role of religion is the process of individuation.The two reasons he gave was the self archetype th is guides and controlled the innate process of individuation. Individuation is a religious process. The second reason is the self archetype generates images of wholeness. For example the mandala means circle and is perfectly balanced, the design is symmetrical which represents the balance and wholeness same with Islamic art instead the repetitive patterns to denominate his eternality. Jung argues that god images are beneficial to our health. The images are used by the mind to characterise the personality, the personality then achieve its goal of integration.Religion now becomes clear, the ones that reject religion are therefore less likely to individuate successfully and is most likely to experience neurosis as a result. Jung concludes that the existence of an actual god is similar to Freuds there is no proof either way. We dont know where the archetype real comes from and we dont know the origin of the-psyche because there are ineffable. As a psychic reality god is real to th ose who experience the encumbrance of archetypes. Jung always considered religious beliefs to be a natural expression of the collective unconscious.

Diversity Case Study Essay

Is a term used to contrastiveiate groups and pot from one another. It means respect for and appreciation of differences in ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, disability, intimate orientation, education, and piety. What is diversity?Everyone is a unique person. Even though people hand over things in common with each other they ar also different in all sorts of ways. Differences include visible and non-visible factors, for example, personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality, and work-style, size, accent, language and so on. A number of personal characteristics be cover by discrimination law to give people protection against world treated unfairly. The protected characteristics are race, disability, gender reassignment, sex, marriage and civil partnership, maternal quality and maternity, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age.Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our have it aways and work for a number of reaso ns * We live in an increasingly diverse society and need to be suitable to respond appropriately and sensitively to this diversity. Learners in the healthcare setting allow reflect this diversity around gender, race and ethnicity, disability, religion, sexuality, class and age. * Your organisation believes that prospered implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work plugs that colleagues, cater and students are valued, motivated and treated fairly. * We have an equality and human rights effectual framework covering employment practices and service delivery and qe need to ensure we work within this and avoid discrimination.What is equality?Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and equally and no less favourably, specific to their demand, including areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and age. Promoting equality should remove discrimination in all of the aformentioned areas. Bullying, harassment or victimization are also considered as equality and diversity issues. Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their potentialInclusionInclusion is a enounce of being valued, respected and supported. Its about focusing on the needs of every individual and ensuring the right conditions are in place for each person to achieve his or her full potential. Inclusion should be reflected in an organizations culture, practices and relationships that are in place to support a diverse workforce.Inclusion is about all learners and about taking action mechanism to remove barriers to participation and learning. Inclusion also involves eliminating discrimination and promoting equality. It is described by some as the practice of ensuring that people feel they belong, are engaged, and connected. It is a universal human right whose aim is to embrace all people, disregarding of race, gender, disability or other attribu te which can be comprehend as different. a sense of belonging feeling respected, valued for who you are feeling a level of supportive energy and commitment from others so that you can do your best. It is about valuing all individuals, giving equal annoy and opportunity to all and removing discrimination and other barriers to involvement. 1. The unjust or detrimental treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, age, or sex. 2. Recognition and understanding of the difference between one thing and another.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Overpopulation of the World and the Problems It Creates

Over tribe of the realism and the Problems it Creates The realism is faced with maturement conservation problems daily, most of which are ca pulmonary tuberculosisd by an change magnitude macrocosm. In order to deal with the problems of everywherepopulation, the world needs to take in minimizing enjoyment, big(a) fumble byproducts, and keeping a hand on land management. purpose is the act of apply resources at an uncontrolled rate. It is mainly the result of everywherepopulation. The population of the world is growing by approximately 212,970 people per day and is say to reach nine billion people by 2040 (World Population).As the population increases at this quick rate, the demand for food, body of piss, and shelter impart also emission just as quickly. Since the demand for goods equivalent electricity and fuels also increase, we should consider using a more conservational method to create these items by using more abundant and replaceable resources. Water is the most abundant resources on the planet. Instead of using petroleum based fuels to run cars, we should use water. Scientists subscribe to already developed hydrogen powered vehicles such as cars, busses, scooters, and tractors (NREL).a nonher(prenominal) alternative for fueling cars are crops like corn that produce ethanol. electricity is going to one of the most demanded items as the population grows. In nearly places, fuels are being apply to create energy. Instead, abundant resources like sunlight, wind, and water should be utilize to generate all the electricity that is consumed. But, even with these methods of producing a cleaner energy supply, the general population will have to go to the conservation of the energy.Some simple things that people can do is land thermostats, use energy efficient bulbs, use drip irrigation to water flowers and fruits, use solar energy to dry clothes, and create a compost to incarcerate of that take in instead of throwing it away. As the population is growing, the amount of waste that is produced from the consumption will increase at a much more rapid pace. Each person per day produces about 4. 4 pounds of waste. The majority of this waste is thrown away in the trashcan, which is set at the curb to be picked up by a diesel truck polluting the air and using energy, only to end up in a andfill. With the increase in needs of food and other items, more and more trash will result. Recycling is the best way to fix this problem and keep 95% of trash out of landfills. It is projected that Americans will throw away over 11 one thousand million loads of glass bottles and jars 1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil more than1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil, over 4 and a half million tons of paper and nearly 10 million tons of newspaper (Center).Almost all of this temporal could be recycled, saving millions of trees and over 100% combined energy that is used to make new products. Businesses can also play their part in recycling things such as cooking oil that could be used as fuel in a vehicle. If we do not imbibe in actions to clean up the present landfills and prevent future ones, we could possibly be looking at problems such as contaminated water and soil. Land management goes along side of both consumption and waste.As the population increases, more space will be needed for houses, hospitals, schools and businesses. As a result, we must make room by methods such as destroying forest and filling in lakes, rivers, and streams. To us we may only catch up with trees and dirty, microorganism infested water, but these two ecosystem house millions of species of animals and plants that are vital to our extract on Earth. Research states that the earth was once covered by 5. 8 million to 6. 2 million square miles of forest. Today only 2. million to 3 million square miles of forest still remains (Nielsen). By destroying these bionetworks, plants and animals become endangered and maybe even extin ct. As a result, this causes sinless ecosystems to collapse. Without plants, animals die and without plants and animals, the human species can no longer eat or breathe, therefore, becoming extinct itself. Humans can take control of this growing problem by considering options like apartment buildings or larger skyscrapers to things like online schools and e-shopping.Without a doubt, the population of the world is going to continue to grow, but that does not mean that the problems dealing with consumption, waste, and land management has to also. If we could use nature do goods like sunlight, water, and wind, we could reduce the amount of energy consumed, decrease the amount of waste produced, and decrease the amount of land destroyed that is needed to serve the population. whole shebang Cited 7 Environmental Problems that were Worse than we Thought. 3 Feb 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . Alexander, Kathleen.Tree Benefits. 23 Feb 2010 . Bureau, U. S. Census. Global Population Growth. 2002. 23 F eb 2010 . Center, University of Colorado Environmental. CU Environmental Center. 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research. 29 Sept 2009. 24 Feb 2010. Nielsen, Ron. The Little Green Handbook Seven Trends shape the Future of Our Planet. New York Picador, 2006. Todays Top Global Environment Issues. 23 Feb 2010 . World Population Prospects-The 2008 Revision Population Database. 2008. 24 Feb 2010

What Is Your Understanding of the Following Concepts; Present Value, Present Value of an Annuity, Future Value, and Future Value of an Annuity. (Please Describe Any Formulas Related to Each.)

Present Value is the current worth of a in store(predicate) sum of money or stream of notes flows give a specified rate of call back. approaching cash flows are fireed at the deductive reasoning rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present pass judgment of the next cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing in store(predicate) cash flows, whether they be earnings or obligations.Present Value of annuity is a series of equal payments or receipts that total at evenly spaced intervals. Leases and rental payments are examples. The payments or receipts occur at the end of each period for an ordinary annuity small-arm they occur at the beginning of each period For an annuity due. PVoa = PMT (1 (1 / (1 + i)n)) / i prox Value is the take to be of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today.There are two slipway to calculate FV For an asset with simple annual i nterest = Original enthronement x (1+ interest rate *number of years)) 2) For an asset with interest intensify annually = Original Investment x ((1+interest rate)number of years) Future value of annuity is the value of a group of payments at a specified date in the future. These payments are known as an annuity, or set of cash flows.The future value of an annuity measures how much you would fuck off in the future given a specified rate of return or discount rate. The future cash flows of the annuity grow at the discount rate and the higher the discount rate, the higher the future value of the annuity. The current value of a set of cash flows in the future, given a specified rate of return or discount rate. The future cash flows of the annuity are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the annuity.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Shape-Changers the Chronicles of the Cheysuli

Book Report Trevor Mendham While i was in the subroutine library with the class. Shape-Changers the Chronicles of the Cheysuli writ ten by Jennifer Roberson had caught my interest. This book was published in 1984 piece the origin was living in a castle. Jennifer Roberson has said that the eight book serial publication had been inspired by the castle in Wales. Although this book is part of a large series, I strongly believe this book is about the choices that we make. The of import character Alix has the choice to play it safe or to take a risk and truly find the answers she seeks.I personally would enjoy cover up reading this series. Although the book was real short and left quite a few lose ends for the next book. This book set in the filth of Cheysuli within the Kingdom of Homana. Alix the daughter of a man who was a religion leader whom resigned after the war on shape-changers started. After this he started test a under-croft, where dead body are displayed for the public viewing, taking a major reduction in wage and honourable work.Alix has fallen for the prince named canvassing a childhood friend, from the fathers previous profession. Soon after they are captured while walking in the woods by the shape-changers. Alix finds that she is half blooded shape-changer and has to set to accept who she is, and lose the love of price Carillon and be at war with his race. This story was very odd but was a skinny book. The fiction of this story is tied to reality in a very unique way, that is very effective in making the story non feel very fantasy.This feature made the book truly more than enjoyable. Other writing techniques like not having any foreshadowing. The book keeps you gibe until the very end. Even within the story parts that I had never seen coming, Like releasing the prince. Allowing Alix to run away and eventually return on curiosity. I would recommend anyone who wants a quick read of a eccentric story. Overall I would give this story eight out of ten stars without reading the rest of the series.

HUnting laws

*Hunting Laws and Regulations* Ive never reall(a)y paid attention to who makes the laws for die harding to be honest Ive only(prenominal) just followed thern The Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission Is a citizen board, chosen by the Governor, which sets regulations and policies for Colorados state parks and wildlife programs The Colorado Parks and Wildlife Is who enforces the laws that the commission makes, there agate line s to protect, preserve, enhance, and anage wildlife for the use of the pack of this state.There are several types of hunting allowed In Colorado such as Archery, Rifles, Muzzle loading, shot gun. And lust or so every type of mammal can be hunt In regulauon elk, mule deer, black bear, mcvuntaln lion, antelope, bighorn Desert Bighorn, moose, mountain goat and white tail deer, bobcat, fox, coyote, and badger. There Is also birds such as Partridge, dove, grouse, quall, chucker, turkey, duck, geese, ptarmigan, snipe, and many other irds dont sprightliness I lke naming.GRANGER LAWS athttps//donemyessay.com/ch-16-apush/I understand why few people are against hunting, I And some people only see the stereotype a think Its just a bunch ot banjo strlnglng rednecks going Rambo on Bambis mom. however there are several laws and regulations keeping all hunting gormandize and even necessary to keep species size under control. have hunted all my lite. and lwe learned most ot my lite lessons sitting on the refrigerating ground with a 30. 6 in my hands waiting tor an elk to pass by.So hunting is a part ot me. my family doesnt hunt to just obscure an animal, every piece of meat we eat is either a alarm from our pasture or elk we killed during hunting season. That is the meat we eat all year, so even though I know why we hunt and why its not bad understand why some people think it might be barbaric. Im also not saying that some people dont disrespect the right to hunt and kill anything they see, Just the likes of ant-hunters think.

Grant/Lee a Comparison and Contrast Essay

Ulysses S. yielding and Robert E. leeward are cardinal of the most in force(p) legions leaders in American history. These hands have survive symbolic of the two nations at conflict during the courteous War. Both had rattling different backgrounds and privateities that caused them to differ in their military leading and accomplishments. Even though habitual leeward would surrender his army to General countenance, leeward passim the course of the war proved himself to be a better military leader. The childhood of Robert Edward lee(prenominal) played a pivotal role in the way he would see the world as a man. Lee was born into an aristocratic family of Virginia with a deeply rooted American history. Richard atomic number 1 and Francis Lightfoot Lee, Robert E. Lees uncles, helped draft resolutions that would lead to the Declaration of Independence, two would peculiarity it1. Lees sky pilot, Henry Lighthorse Harry Lee III was a revolutionary war hero and superstar of Geo rge Washingtons most dependable fellow countrymen.In 1771, Washington, also from Virginia, wrote I know of no country that can produce a family all distinguished and apt(p) men, as our Lees.2 Lees mformer(a) and fuck off were upstanding influences in his life for very different reasons. Lees father would define everything Lee did non want to be. Lighthorse Harry lacked self- jibe and failed to return key care of the family. Ruined by failed financial ventures, Lees father would be sent to debtors prison. His mother, Anne Hill Carter Lee would inflame young Robert to dear God, to help oneself God and to serve his country. Lees rearing helped him to develop the highest standards of honor, self-denial, self-control and duty that would earn respect from some(prenominal) friends and enemies.3 Ulysses S. appointment came from a more humble elevation. Like Lee, apportion traces his note deep into American history in his memoirs. Grants ancestors colonized in Massachusetts in 1630.4 Grants father, Jesse R. Grant came from a broken family and was fostered by the parents of John brownness.5 The same John Brown that would attempt to start a slave rebellion by attack the United States armory at Harpers Ferry in 1859. Men on a lower floor the leadership of then Colonel Robert E. Lee ended that raid.6 Grant, was not born into the land owning aristocracy like Lee, his family was frontier men. Grant had derive up the hard wayNo man was born to everything, moreoer perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. feel was competition (Catton, para 5).7 Grants competitive upbringing would strain him the motivation to push forward and the demand results needed to obliterate Lee. Robert E Lee would carry the lessons he learned as a child with him to the Military Academy at West Point. While attending West Point, Lee was very studious and did not join 8other cadets for evenings at the local taverns. General Lee graduated second in his physical body at West Point and received no demerits for misconduct. This record has never been matched and will not likely ever be achieved again. By graduating with honors, Lee was assigned to the United States Army Corps of Engineers.The cartridge clip Lee dog-tired with the Army Corps of Engineers gave him valuable knowledge of different types of terrain and fortification constructions that would serve him well in the Civil War.9 The childhood of Ulysses S. Grant would also come to him at West Point. Grant was not interested in a military career he was more interested in agriculture.10 It was Grants father who requested his appointment to West Point.11 Grant verbalize in his memoirs, A military life had no charms for me, and I had not the faintest idea of staying in the army even if I should be graduated, which I did not expect (Grant p19).12 Grant spent most of his time at West Point reading novels and avoiding books related to the course of studies (Grant pg 20).13 Unlike Lee, Grant would not e xcel at West Point. Grant graduated 21 out of 39 in his class, just to a lower place average.14 The Mexican American War would be both Lee and Grants first battle. Lee and Grant would both serve under General Winfield Scott, a man whom they both admired, during his campaign to Mexico City. General Scott sawing machine greatness in Lee and stated his success in Mexico was generally due to the skill, valor, and undaunted energy of Robert E. Lee.15 Scott was also heard commenting a few years later that Lee is the greatest military sensory faculty in America.16 Grant, only a first lieutenant, did not shoot for an opportunity to show much leadership. Grant did however serve with valor. At the Battle of Monterey, Grant would gain some respect among his peers by successfully carrying much needed ammunition to his regiment while under fire.17 During the Civil War, Lee and Grant would implement skills learned while under the ascendance of General Winfield Scott. In the spring of 1861 a s the nation leaned toward Civil War, both Grant and Lee would be forced to make very onerous decisions. Grant would only have to decide between being a patriot or a traitor. In a letter to Grants father he wrote There are but two parties now, Traitors & Patriots and I want hereafter to be ranked with the latter. . . (Grant p 957)18 Lee was torn between a successful career in the United States Army, his cultism to the gist, an appointment as commander of the Union forces and the love he had for his family and homeland. In a letter to his sister, Lee wrote With all my reverence to the UnionI have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home.19 The decisions these two men make would send them on a collision course in one of the most costly wars the country has every waged. Throughout the Civil War, Robert E Lee would prove himself to be unmatched in leadership. When Lee took control of the Army of northern Virginia in June of 1862, the Union army was thundering at the city gates(Lee p150)20 of the Confederate capital of Richmond. In one-third months, Lee would achieve what his predecessor General Joseph E. Johnston could not. Lee defeated the trespassing(a) Union army and turned the war in favor of the South. It would reduce President Lincoln almost one year to find any competition for General Lee. That competition would be General Grant and the gigantic resources the North offered him. The vast resources and the advanced railroad system of the North would give Grant the advantage he needed over Lee.In a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, Lee expressed his concern that all train brings recruits, and it is stated that every available regiment at the North is added to it(Lee p108)21 The Army of Northern Virginias lack of provisions were so greatI cannot see how we can operate with our present supplies (Lee, p 108).22 Before Lee ever met Grant on the battlefield he was trying to prepare for mu ltiple retreats that would allow him to resupply his army. Lee pleaded with Jefferson Davis that Every sudor should be made to supply the depots at Richmond and at other points (Lee, p 108). 23 Grant carelessly used his resources to attack Lee and after thirty days of marchingfighting and a with a loss of more than sixty thousand men, General Grant24 arrived at Petersburg, which he could have donewithout the loss of a maven man.25 The sixty thousand men that were expendable to Grant was more than Lee had in his entire Army of Northern Virginia. Lee ultimately was forced to surrender his army of less than eight thousand mento Grants army of 150,00026 Prior to the surrender Union officers had always estimated your Lee force at about seventy thousand men.27 The leadership displayed by Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee throughout their military careers is straight off related to their childhood and education at West Point. Grants childhood made him competitive but his lack of inter est in the curriculums at West Point would set him back militarily.If Grant did not have the expendable resources that were available to his Union Army, he would have failed against Lees ability to fight with such limited resources. Lees self struggle to lead by example combined with his devotion to duty and the men in his army resulted in many victories over impossible odds. Lee did not surrender to Grants leadership traits Lee was compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources (Lee p 138)28 1 jam A. Henretta, David Brody and Lynn Dumenil, America A Concise History, 3rd Edition, 3rd ed. (Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2005), 157-58.BibliographyHenretta, James A., David Brody, and Lynn Dumenil. America A Concise History, 3rd Edition. 3rd ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2005.Lee, Fitzhugh. General Lee. BiblioLife, 2009.Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant. CreateSpace, 2009.Lee, Robert. Recollections and Letters. revolutionary York, NY Barnes & Noble, 2004. Bruce Catton Grant and Lee A Study in Contrasts, available from http//users.ipfw.edu/ruflethe/grantandlee.html Internet accessed 16 August 2010.Allen, Walter. ULYSSES S. GRANT. Houghton Mifflin,1901.Long, Armistead Lindsay. Memoirs of Robert E. Lee His military and personal history embracing a large amount of information hitherto unpublished. University of statute mile Library, 1886.Grant, Ulysses S. Ulysses S. Grant Memoirs and Selected Letters Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant / Selected Letters, 1839-1865 (Library of America). First Edition ed. New York, N.Y. Library of America, 1990.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Poetry Essay: â€ÂPeaches and creamâ€Â by Mudrooroo Essay

In this verse form I shall compare and analysis two rimes peaches and thresh by mudrooroo and last of his tribe by oodgeroo noonuccal. The need for analyzing both poems is that they are use to race who fought for the pristines only an in-depth analysis can give a happen understanding of their poems.Analysis The stand firm of His Tribe by Oodgeroo Noonuccal is a avowedly example of the period of Australian poetry it consist of the paternalistic vogue that is was commonly found in the Australian colonists of the 19th century , Oodgeroo Noonuccal gives emphasizes to the l cardinalsomeness of an Aboriginal tribe s last member. The poets complete charge is on the individuals ambiguity, his suffering and his abhorrent fate.He lucubrate dramatization the of the thoughts which the tribe men had, he further dramatizes the memories of hunts of yore and of fights he fought. The poem carries a elegiac mood as the poet invokes a dismal and dimmed image of Willie Mackenzie, who is the last existing member of his tribe he pictures him as if someone were re kindling the fire of memory in the poet . The poet uses Willie Mackenzie as a symbol of the tribes that disappeared ad the culture and times that are vanish with them (Derek p24).The poet emphasizes on elements of fauna as hearty as the tribes cultural artefact such as boomerangs, nullah, sling as well as spear abide with wallaroos, rocks as well as thunder. Oodgeroo Noonuccals memory of is the most marvelous part about the poem as it helps the poet in describing the past quite clearly the poet gives an clear illustration of the quick-witted hunts that this tribe experienced prior to the invasion of the white in the twentieth century era.The poem consists of thirty five lines. It is divided into seven nominal verses and consists of ababb rhyming. Oodgeroo Noonuccal was expressive and assertive so much so that she was successful in drawing the reader to her soula. Due to this the reader sympathizes for Willie, exactly like the poet is grumpy in the line All gone, all gone. And I feel The emergent sting of tears. The kind of verse the poet has made use of is a formalverse. The poet tries to give a clear picture of the Australian embellish in verse is exemplified here. Due to her tone and emotions she is successful in portraying the unique proceedings of the Australian scenery as well as their history in a regretful and sympathetic manner. Noonuccal presents, the environmental conclusion which we can imagine just by reading the poem and by using the twentieth century style she shows the sad irony of their circumstances.Whereas Mudrooroo in his poems peaches and cream seems to be talking about a time when the Aboriginal people were fighting for their freedom. His tone is actually a strong sad tone, a tone full of hopelessness. His poem is based a on a individual who fought for their freedom, till he feel sick and his people did non support him. The way the poet highlights the likes and dislikes of this person symbolizes that he was an ordinary person who just wanted freedom for his people. The reason behind him naming the poem peaches and cream is thats what this mans intentions were as sweet and good as peaches and cream is.The ending of the poem is, similarly to the beginning, ambiguous. It is unclear whom the poet is referring to when he states in the low gear verse you like peaches and cream, And white bodies made urgent , in like manner by-line with the conversional tone established in the last line. One interpretation of this is that he is expressing the realization that if things are going to pass around then there is a definite need for greater unity and understanding among all Australian people, without racial division. The utilization of unique kind of rhyming makes the it a wonderful poem. The poem highlights the fact that there were people who were fighting for them so that Aborigines could also be known as Australian as White Australian s, and the likeliness to unite the two cultures as one so that they might progress together.The use of the following linesPerhaps one solar day Ill understand,Though some(prenominal) didnt and called you hypocriteBut they didnt knowThat even Christian peaches and creamMay be sweet with a taste of injustice,And try to sweeten it more with you.(www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/ legal opinion/see_english_sub_notice_mar_08.)The above mentioned verse illustrates the fact that the composer is experiencing an inner journey as he is experiencing an internal battle. The poem consists of the poets strong emotional feelings for the cause which this person was fighting for, and his control to suppress this anger does not actually precipitate the anger.These lines also exhibit the anger he has for people who called this freedom maven a hypocrite he further uses the peaches and cream as symbols of corsage and richness that he brought to his people.The line in the last stanza shows confusionLast night I saw you on the telly,Projecting Jesus and his message,Perhaps one day Ill understand(www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/assessment/see_english_sub_notice_mar_08.)At the beginning he states that the person he is referring to was a religious person and fought for their freedom while keeping Jesuss message in mind. But the fact that he says that perhaps one day he will understand could mean that he does not understand the message given by the person who he is referring to , which seems very strange since throughout the poem he is clearly describing his likes and dislikes., and praising him and his efforts. proofUndoubtedly then these poems clearly illustrate the eras in which they were written. Themes, craft as well as points of view reflect diverse periods the history of Australia. The gratifying part of these poems is that they express different emotions and approach so efficiently to us nowadays when we need personal faithfulness, tribal unity and economic certainty. crap CitedDe rek Lewis Poetry Workbook, Pascal press 2006 p24www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/assessment/see_english_sub_notice_mar_08.pdf retrieved on 13 July 2008

Mini Case

I. Deals-R-Us Brokers (Part 1) Fred Jones, a distant relative of yours and president of Deals-R-Us Brokers ( jactitate), has come to you for advice. DRUB is a small brokerage ho mapping that en up to(p)s its lymph glands to buy and sell stocks everywhere the Internet, as well as place traditional orders by environ or fax. DRUB has just decided to offer a machinate of stock analysis tools that will help its clients more easily selection winning stocks, or so Fred tells you. Freds information systems department has presented him with deuce alternatives for developing the new tools.The world-class alternative will have a special tool developed in C++ that clients will download onto their computers to run. The tool will communicate with the DRUB server to select entropy to analyze. The second alternative will have the C++ program lead on the server, the client will use his or her browser to interact with the server. a. Classify the two alternatives in terms of what type of applica tion architecture they use. b. Outline the pros and cons of the two alternatives and make a recommendation to Fred about which is better. mini Case 1 SolutionThe second alternative will use the host-based architecture. exploitation this alternative, the server will do all the work. Because of this, the server will perish very slow in processing those requests as more users are sending them. It cost a lot of money to upgrade those mainframes. The first alternative will use the client-server application architecture. In this case, the server and the client computer will share the workload. The server will be able to respond to many users requests without any slowness. This is the best option Fred needs to use for his business.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Facts on Canada’s CN Tower

During Torontos building boom in the early 70s, a flagitious problem was developing. People were experiencing poor quality television. The pre-skyscraper transmission towers of Toronto carrys were precisely not high enough bothmore.As office buildings were reaching higher and higher, the word-painting reception and radio signaq got weaker and soon became alomst inpossible to recieve. Signals from Toronto and from Buffalo, New York were bouncing off the buildings. As a result viewers often saw a weaker station superimposed over another. So the were watching two shows at once. It became receptive that they needed a antenna that would not only be taller than any building in the city, but one that would be taller than anything that would probably ever so be built.Today, the microwave receivers which pull in distant signals are roughly 305 metres or 1000 feet up (inside that white donut-like thing), and the top of the transmission antenna is 553.33 metres or 1815 feet 5 inches hig h (thats the very top).Because of this, we enjoy some of the clearest TV and radio reception in North America. An extra little choice morsel you may not have known It wasnt until late in the mark process that the architects decided to turn the loom into a Tourist Attraction.The CN Tower was built by the Canadian National Railway.Opened to the public on June 26, 1976Official opening on October 1, 1976Adjusted cost (1997 dollars) $250 million military issue of construction workers 1,537Total weight of the Tower 117,910 metrical tonnes (130,000 tons)Volume of cover 40,523.8 cubic metres (53,000 cubic yards)Reinforcing steel 4,535 metric tonnes (5,000 tons)Structural steel 544.2 metric tonnes (600 tons)Number of elevators 6 (including 2 which officially opened March 20, 1997) zip up of elevators 6 metres/second (20 feet/second)Slow speed of elevators (in high winds) 1.5 metres/second (5 feet/second)attendance about 1.8 million per yearTotal staff (off season) approximately four hun dredTotal staff (peak season) approximately 550Maximum sway in one hundred ninety km/h winds with 320 km/h gusts (120 mph winds with 200 mph gusts) Antenna 6 ft., 8 in. from spiritSky Pod 3 ft., 4 in. from centreTower Sphere 1 ft., 7 in. from centreThickness of windows Outer sexually transmitted disease 9.5 mm (3/8 inch), inner pane 6.4 mm (1/4 inch)mental ability of 360, The Restaurant at the Tower four hundred peopleTime it takes to revolve once 72 minutesCapacity of Horizons Cafe 500 peopleBroadcast Facilities UHF, VHF Television FM radiocommunication Microwave Transmissions Fixed Mobile SystemsCompanies that broadcast from the Tower blood profile Channel 5 & 25, CFMT 47, CFTO 9, City 57, Global/CIII 41, TV Ontario 19, LOOK communication theory (Digital), CHFI/Rogers, CFNY FM, CHIN FM, CHUM FM, CILQ FM, CJEZ FM, CJRT FM, CKFM FM, Bell Canada, Cantel, Motorola, TTCThickness of The Glass Floor 2 1/2 . Layers, from the top down 3/16 scuff plate (replaced annually) Two 1/2 lay ers of clear tempered glass, laminated unitedly A one inch layer of air (for insulation) Two 1/4 layers of clear tempered glass, laminated together Size of each circuit card 42 by 50 Load tests are performed annually on each panel to ensure safetyToronto certainly does, and we appreciate the meter the following groups and publications recently took to honour the CN TowerThe CN Tower extends congratulations to II by IV Design Associates partners Dan Menchions and Keith Rushbrook in winning the following formulate awards from the Assocation of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario (ARIDO)Designers of the Year, GOLD for earthly concern and Institutional Spaces CN Tower Public Circulation Space, bullion for Retail Spaces CN Tower Market Place Retail Centre, SILVER for Restaurants and Bars CN Tower Market Place CafeCity Parent, A Metroland Newsmagazine For City Families chose us as the Best Tourist Attraction in Toronto in the Fourth Annual Readers Selection accoladesVoted t he Best Place to impart Out-Of-Towners by Eye MagazineAmerican Society of Civil Engineers, who legitimate us as being one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern WorldGuinness take hold of World Records changed our status to Worlds Tallest Building and Free Standing Structure and highlighted us on the cover of their 1996 EditionNOW Magazine Best Place to hit Out-of-Town VisitorsToronto Sun Readers Choice Awards Favourite Toronto AttractionInternational draw of Amusement Parks and Attractions Brass Ring Award 1 Radio Campaign for AttractionsWorld Wildlife Fund of Canada Bird Friendly Building AwardFederal Energy Innovator Award for recognition of innovative leading in the pursuit of energy management opportunitiesToronto tourism Award Ontario SuperHost for staff Training & EducationInternational Digital Media Awards Gold for Best stand/Installation for EcoDekEnvironment Canada Great Lakes Raptor Recovery PlaqueTourism Toronto Award Best Attraction, 1995.

Huck Finn Not Racist Essay

Mark matchs, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist watchword beca call it was written back when the N-word was show in every-day language. pas de deux constantly used the N-word because it was used in speech around when it was written. braces also refers to his not at the beginning of the throw to show that his writing is not discriminatory. The portrayal of Jim is based on what gallus thought a slave was like. Mark Twains use of dialect throughout the story is scarce used because that was how the average tidy sum spoke in that certain time halt in which the book was written.In his dialect he is showing that the use of the N-word during that time period was used in reference to the slaves, people didnt really sell for the black people. He uses the dialect ironically to undermine the ways of the emeritus south, showing that they didnt even notice if a black was killed, they only cared what happened in their own race. At one point there is a boat that explodes, and in town a woman asks one of the men, earnest gracious anybody hurt? and the man replies Nom, Killed a n this shows the souths negligibility towards the southern blacks, they didnt see them as humans.Twain shows this in instances when the King and Duke refer to him, they are just con artists By todays standards the book is racist because N-word is a derogatory marches in modern society, but he uses the destination only because that is the term that they used back then. Context Doesnt say anything about the slaves being inferior, but rather that they are equal to us Doesnt beg off slavery, they are humans they wanyt the same things as we do, freedom, and a real life. Twain does infact show how the slaves would be treated but he does not score with what they do, he says nothing to show that he agrees with racism.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Lipid Profiles In Postmenopausal Women Health And Social Care Essay

Aim Aromatase inhibitors atomic number 18 presently utilize in accessory to the former g aged(prenominal) criterion estrogen antagonist or as outset pull back hormone therapy in postmenopausal liberal females with breast malignant neoplastic unhealthiness. Suppressing the aromatase appliance of action impedes the synthesis of o o estrogen, forestalling estrogen protection on lipoide writes. This literature review examines, discusses, and analyzes peer-reviewed published clinical tests analyzing the cause of anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole, on lipoid profiles in postmenopausal heavy(p) females with estrogen subordinate dressing table malignant neoplastic infirmity.Decisions Overall, on that point argon minimum, if either(prenominal), discriminatory personal personal effectuate of aromatase inhibitors on lipid profiles. However, restrictions of modest people sizes, fluctuations in frame methods, and aging estrogen antagonist usance, make it hard to accurately assess riskiness. ache term prospective surveies utilizing big savor sizes and patients with no exposure to any another(prenominal) hormone interpolation as closely aromatase inhibitors, are needed to accurately step if unbecoming do on lipid profiles exist from the utilizing aromatase inhibitors. health care professionals should go on to supervise lipoids in postmenopausal giving females with government agency malignant neoplastic unsoundness and develop individualized disturbance programs utilizing received proposeations.Cardinal Wordss aromatase inhibitor, office malignant neoplastic disease, post-maturity, lipid, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane, cholesterin, and lipid metamorphosis.Aromatase Inhibitors Risk of untoward Effects on lipoid Profiles in Postmenopausal Women with Breast crab louse A Literature ReviewIntroductionBreast malignant neoplastic disease pestilences about 2.5 million openhanded females in the United States, 1 doing it one o f almost prevailing signifiers of tumor that healthcare practicians dainty today. The happening of developing vanity malignant neoplastic disease increases with age, with one in 13 postmenopausal bighearted females developing the disease.2 Nearly 70 per centum of those postmenopausal adult females will h venerable a endocrine dependant ( estrogen positive ( ER+ ) , progesterone positive ( PR+ ) ) signifier of thorax malignant neoplastic disease that utilizes estrogen as its chief nutritious beginning for the proliferation of the tumor. 2, 3, 4 In postmenopausal adult females, estrogen is in the first place synthesized in the peripheral tissues, white meat, musculus, adipose, tegument by the enzyme aromatase.4,5 Aromatase converts adrenal androgens into estrogen via the CYP450 enzyme pathway.4, 5, 6, Suppressing aromatase and keep this transition limits the sum of estrogen available for use by tumour cells, later forestalling growing and spread. Through this mechanism of a ction, steroidal ( Exemestane ) and non-steroidal ( anastrozole and letrozole ) aromatase inhibitors pee shown to be extremely efficacious in the handling of ER+/PR+ breast malignant neoplastic disease in postmenopausal adult females compared to that of tamoxifen.5 Multiple landmark surveies ( MA.17, 2 ATAC, 7 BIG 1-98, 8 and EORTC9 ) , pop the question that tamoxifen is no greater a gilded criterion, and now recommend utilizing AIs as first line hormone therapy in these patients.5With the spread cinch fashion of AIs by practicians in the interpolation of endocrine dependent office malignant neoplastic disease and the subsequent betterment in disease devoid endurance rates, more postmenopausal adult females are populating long plenty to see other comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .4 Since CVD is the primary cause of mortality in postmenopausal adult females, 10 under patronizeing the associated unbecoming do AIs pose on cardiovascular incident factor s is pertinent. Lipid biomarkers are often assessed clinically to find a patients bet on of developing CVD. Previous epidemiologic surveies have shown that estrogen is protective and profound to whatsoever cardiovascular speculate factors, specifically lipid profiles, via its direct effects on the endothelial cells found in bloodline vessels.6,11 Estrogen alters concentrations of lipoids in the blood diminishing serum concentrations of entire cholesterin ( TC ) , oddity lipoprotein ( beta-lipoprotein ) , and triglycerides ( TRG ) , while increasing serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein ( alpha-lipoprotein ) .11, 12 Therefore, it is judgement that postmenopausal adult females taking AIs are deprived of this cardioprotective sequel of estrogen since its synthesis is world prevented by suppressing the aromatase transition mechanism. Therefore, the inquiry can be proposed Make aromatase inhibitors adversely affect lipid profiles and later present an increase hazar d of developing cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal adult females with ER+/PR+ chest malignant neoplastic disease?This literature reappraisal of current clinical test informations examines and assesses the usage of AIs, Exemestane ( Aromasin ) , Anastrozole ( Arimidex ) , and Letrozole ( Femara ) , on the inauspicious effects of the lipid profiles of postmenopausal adult females with ER+/PR+ chest malignant neoplastic disease. Search footings included cardiovascular, aromatase inhibitor, chest malignant neoplastic disease, post-maturity, lipid, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane, plasma lipoid, cholesterin, and lipid metamorphosis. MEDLINE in Pubmed, MEDLINE ( on EBSCO ) , and OVID were apply to seek for peer-reviewed journal articles published amidst the old ages 2005 to 2010. Recent grounds showing the effects AIs render on the lipid profiles of postmenopausal adult females with estrogen dependent chest malignant neoplastic disease is discussed, analyzed, and reviewed in th e undermentioned subdivisions.AROMATASE INHIBITORS tack ON LIPID PARAMETERSDepriving chest malignant neoplastic disease struck postmenopausal adult females of the benefit of estrogen via the AI mechanism is plan to hold damaging effects on CVD hazard factors. Several clinical tests utilizing assorted design methods have been conducted and show variable effects of AIs on the different cholesterin parametric quantities and lipoproteins. Table 1 summarizes the effects of AIs on assorted lipid biomarkers in the postmenopausal adult female with ER+/PR+ chest malignant neoplastic disease, and all surveies in the tabular array are discussed in the following subdivisions.Placebo Controlled TestsTwo surveies have evaluated the offspring of AIs versus placebo on lipid biomarkers. As a secondary end point, Cigler et al13 examine the effects of Letrozole versus placebo on serum lipid parametric quantities ( TC, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, TRG ) in 60 cardinal postme nopausal adult females utilizing a random, placebo-controlled design. Lipids were measured at baseline and during the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th calendar months, and the per centum variation from baseline was calculated for distributively month. Researchers state a statistically authorized decrease in the TC at month 3 ( P measure out=0.052 ) in the Letrozole build up of the comply. The other parametric quantities ( TRG, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein ) measured were non significantly changed from baseline in either the Letrozole or the placebo weaponries. Writers reason out that Letrozole modestly decreases TC at 3 months up to now, the backwash is non bear on by dint ofout the hinderance twitch terminus.13 The cogency of publications in the lipid break off of this survey are questionable because of the imbalanced figure of participants in each intervention throng, and the little population size that remained at the terminal of the 24 months ( Letrozole 26 pati ents, and placebo 16 patients ) . It is hard to measure accurate tendencies in informations with little population sizes, and importations should be verified utilizing similar survey methods with larger population ideal sizes. A confusing variable in this survey was the old usage of Tamoxifen in some patients and non others. Tamoxifen has shown to hold wakeless effects on lipoids 14, 15 therefore, the consequences from patients that had antecedently taken Tamoxifen whitethorn non be a true representation of the effects of the AI all told on lipid profiles. Another placebo controlled test utilizing different design methods was conducted by Lonning et al16 and contrasting consequences were found.The effects of Exemestane versus that of placebo on plasma lipoids in postmenopausal adult females with resectable chest malignant neoplastic disease was studied by Lonning et al.16 In a dual blind manner, one nose candy 40 seven patients were haphazardly assigned to an Exemestane inter vention host or a placebo intervention meeting. Measurements of lipid biomarkers ( TC, HDL, LDL, TRG, ApoLipoprotein A1, lipoprotein A, ApoLipoprotein B, homocysteine ) were taken at baseline, and at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month. Results revealed that the Exemestane intervention group had a statistically substantial ( P abide by & A lt 0.001 ) decrease in HDL versus that of the placebo intervention group. Besides, a statistically big ( p=0.004 ) lessening in Apolipoprotein A1 occurred in the Exemestane intervention group versus that of the placebo intervention group. Writers concluded that the steroidal AI, exemestane has modest effects on HDL lipid biomarkers and those hazard factors for CVD should be followed overtime.16 This survey included more participants than Ciglers study hence, the consequences seen here may hold more cogency. Besides, a different AI was used in each test, and this variable could account for the disagreement in consequences betwixt the dev il surveies. No old Tamoxifen usage was denoted in the survey by Lonning et Al 16 therefore, the consequences are a better representation of the effects of the AI on lipoids without confusing influences of Tamoxifen. more(prenominal) placebo controlled tests are necessary to to the estimable understand the effects of AI on lipoids in postmenopausal adult females with endocrine dependent chest malignant neoplastic disease, and to denote if a true lessening in HDL exists. The following subdivision discusses tests in which AIs were compared with Tamoxifen alternatively of a placebo as the intercession intervention groups to be assessed.Tamoxifen Comparative TestsSurveies have been conducted utilizing Tamoxifen as a comparative intervention group to that of Exemestane, and their several inauspicious effects on lipid profile innovations are discussed. The TEAM Greek mill study17 randomized postmenopausal adult females with early chest malignant neoplastic disease into an Exemestane arm ( 77 patients ) or into a Tamoxifen arm ( 65 patients ) , and evaluated HDL, LDL, TRG, and TC at baseline, and at 12, 18, and 24 months. Results indicate that TC decreased overtime in twain intervention groups nevertheless, those in the Tamoxifen arm had a crisp diminution at month 18 and 24, doing the difference between groups at that clip period statistically important with P value=0.020 and P value=0.0087, severally. Both interventions had a statistically important lessening in HDL nevertheless, the Tamoxifen group maintained higher degrees of HDL, leting for a more roaring consequence than exemestane, with a statistically important clean difference ( P=0.011 ) between the intervention groups. The Tamoxifen intervention group had a important consequence on the LDL parametric mensuration doing a steep lessening in values overtime. exemestane had failed to demo any important alteration on LDL. The TRG parametric quantity revealed no noted tendencies for either intervent ion regimen. Research workers concluded that Tamoxifen has a favourable consequence on TC and LDL, while Exemestane has a more foggy consequence on lipid biomarkers.17 The lessening in HDL in this survey is in harmony with that of Lonning et al.16 One restriction is that all tetrad lipid parametric quantities were non accounted for in all patients in each intervention group hence, tendencies seen in each parametric quantity may non stand for the true tendency that would be present if all values were save for all patients at all quantity clip periods. This survey reiterates the theme that Tamoxifen has good effects on lipoids accordingly, it is hard to accurately measure the hazard of AI when the comparative intervention group is Tamoxifen. 14 though some restrictions were present in this survey, comparative consequences were seen by Francini et al14 in other test utilizing different methods than the TEAM Greek bomber survey.Francini et al14 conducted a survey in which 55 pos tmenopausal adult females who had antecedently been hardened with no less than 2 old ages of Tamoxifen were randomized into two intervention groups either continue Tamoxifen or exchange from Tamoxifen to Exemestane. Lipid parametric quantities were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Consequences yielded were statistically important in the Exemestane arm of the survey entirely demoing a lessening in HDL overtime ( p value & A lt 0.05 ) , an attachment in LDL overtime ( p value & A lt 0.01 ) , and a lessening in TRG overtime ( P value & A lt 0.01 ) . The differences between the Tamoxifen and Exemestane intervention group were non important except for the LDL biomarker ( p value & A lt 0.05 ) . Writers concluded that the summation in LDL of the Exemestane group may be due in portion to participants being antecedently treated with Tamoxifen, which is known to hold good effects on LDL.14 Francinis survey and the TEAM Greek bomber study17 indicate that there was a les sening in the HDL parametric quantity in the Exemestane intervention group versus that of the Tamoxifen intervention group, proposing that AIs may hold an inauspicious consequence on HDL degrees. This lessening in HDL was in any case noted in the ATENA trial18 in which Tamoxifen had been antecedently used for 5-7 old ages originally the patients were assigned to have either Exemestane or no intervention, merely observation. The addition in LDL found in the survey by Francini14 was besides seen in the ATENA test 18 nevertheless, the TEAM Greek bomber study17 did non rear end up this determination. It must be kept in head that patients in the survey by Francini14 and the ATENA trial18 had antecedently been treated with Tamoxifen before keep up downing intervention with AIs, while patients in the TEAM Greek bomber study17 were non. Hence, the design differences could account for the fluctuation of consequences between surveies on the LDL, TRG, and TC parametric quantities. A likew ise designed survey by Montagnani et al15 exposed like consequences to the survey by Francini.Montagnani et al15 investigated the effects of Exemestane after anterior intervention with Tamoxifen, and indiscriminately assigned 60 eight postmenopausal adult females to go on taking Tamoxifen ( 20 milligrams nonchalant ) or exchange to the aromatase inhibitor, Exemestane ( 25 milligrams daily ) for 2 old ages. Parameters ( TC, HDL, LDL, TRG ) were measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. Consequences showed that the Exemestane intercession had a important lessening in HDL, while the Tamoxifen group showed no significance in alteration from baseline. Therefore, a important difference between the intercession groups ( p value & A lt 0.05 ) was noted. Besides in the Exemestane group, LDL was increased from baseline nevertheless, no alteration was seen in the Tamoxifen group. The between group differences were besides statistically important with a P value & A lt 0.05. The Exeme stane group besides had a statistically important lessening in TRG doing the between group differences important with a p value of & A lt 0.05. The consequences found in this survey showed some similarities with those discovered by Francini et al.14 Montagnani revealed important differences between groups for HDL, LDL, and TRG parametric quantities, while Francinis survey merely showed important differences between groups for LDL. In twain surveies, the aromatase inhibitor was compared with go oning Tamoxifen after the patients had already used Tamoxifen, hence some of the consequences may hold occurred from taking the good effects of Tamoxifen instead than uncovering damaging effects of the AI. Both Francini and Montagnani revealed lessenings in TRG in the Exemestane arm. This would be considered a favourable consequence of utilizing AI, but since Tamoxifen blackballly affects TRG and Tamoxifen was antecedently used by the Exemestane patients, the simple remotion of the unfavo urable consequence of Tamoxifen could account for the consequence. To increase the respectability of these findings, comparable consequences should be sustain in likewise designed surveies utilizing larger sample population sizes without old exposure to Tamoxifen. Banerjee et al19 designed yet another survey comparing a different AI, Anastrozole, to Tamoxifen, and to a combination of Anastrozole with Tamoxifen.The IMPACT trial19 compares the effects of utilizing Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or a combination of Anastrozole/Tamoxifen on the lipid profiles of postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease. In a stage III, randomized, double-blind multicentre trial,19 tercet hundred 30 patients were assigned to have either Anastrozole ( 1 milligrams daily ) + Tamoxifen placebo, Tamoxifen ( 20 milligrams daily ) + Anastrozole placebo, or a combination of both ( Tamoxifen 20 mg day-to-day + Anastrozole 1mg daily ) for a period of 12 hebdomads. Measurements for TC and HD L were taken at baseline and trine months. Results revealed that the Tamoxifen merely intervention group had a statistically important lessening in the TC lipid parametric quantity ( p value & A lt 0.05 ) , while the Anastrozole merely intervention group had an addition in TC lipid parametric quantity that was non statistically important nevertheless, the difference between the two groups was important. The combination group consequences showed a important lessening in TC ( P value & A lt 0.05 ) , nevertheless the between groups differences were non important. A statistically important addition in HDL from baseline was noted overtime in all intervention groups ( P & A lt 0.05 ) , nevertheless the difference between the groups was non important. Writers suggest that, although there was a little addition in TC in the Anastrozole merely group, this negative consequence was counterbalanced with the positive consequence of the addition of HDL in the Anastrozole group, and that th ere is no damaging consequence on the lipid profile when utilizing the AI, Anastrozole.19 Measurements were merely taken over a 3 month clip period, therefore consequences are limited and the effects seen may non prolong through longer intervention tests. This addition in HDL in the AI intervention group is contrary to the consequences seen in antecedently discussed surveies. Different AIs were used in each test and this unsimilarity in methods could account for the differences. Studies reexamining the disparities between AIs are necessary to find their several effects on lipid profiles and to measure if an AI is more good or damaging than the others. similitude between Aromatase InhibitorsIt is of import to understand the differences between each aromatase inhibitors several effects on lipid profiles to assist healthcare practicians choose the appropriate medicine regimen for each single patient. In a multi-centre, unfastened, randomized survey, McCloskey et al5 compared the effec ts of Anastrozole, Letrozole, and Exemestane on lipid profiles in one hundred and two postmenopausal adult females, and randomized them into one of cardinal intervention groups Anastrozole ( 1 milligrams daily ) , Letrozole ( 2.5 milligrams daily ) , or Exemestane ( 25 milligrams daily ) , for 24 hebdomads with a 12 hebdomad follow up period. Measurements of lipid biomarkers ( TC, TRG, LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-1 ratio ) were taken at baseline and at the 12th, 24th, and 36th hebdomad. Consequences revealed that Exemestane had a important lessening from baseline in TC, nevertheless the differences between the three intervention groups were non statistically important ( p value=0.535 ) . The LDL/HDL ratio parametric quantity was significantly different for all three groups at the 12th and 24th hebdomad measure, with Exemestane giving the greatest alteration ( p=0.007 ) compared to Letrozole ( p=0.025 ) and Anastrozole ( p=0.045 ) . This increased rati o in the Exemestane intervention group was due to the statistically important lessening in HDL ( p value & A lt 0.001 ) . The TRG measuring for all groups showed much variableness, with Letrozole demoing a statistical important addition at 12 hebdomads ( p=0.011 ) versus the other AIs. This alteration from baseline did non last through the 24 hebdomad measurement period. No other alterations were noted between the three intervention groups. Writers suggested that those treated with Exemestane have an addition in hazard of inauspicious effects on the ratios finding atherogenesis.5 The lessening in the HDL parametric quantity in patients utilizing Exemestane is in understanding with the antecedently mentioned surveies that used Exemestane as an AI comparator of pick. Since Tamoxifen was non a confounding factor here, the suggestion that Exemestane perchance adversely effects HDL, now becomes a more significant and valid statement because the consequence is still seen without Tamoxif en act uponing the consequence. However, it must be considered that this survey used healthy postmenopausal adult females, non breast malignant neoplastic disease patients, as the sample population evaluated, and the consequences can non be imposed as the same consequences that might hold occurred if the population had used a sample of postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease. ample clinical surveies utilizing the right population sample and sample size should be conducted to yet understand the impact of each AI on the postmenopausal chest malignant neoplastic disease patient. This is one of the lone surveies available measuring the inauspicious effects of each particular AI compared to one another. More surveies are necessary to corroborate the consequence that Exemestane offers more inauspicious hazard compared to Letrozole and Anastrozole.DecisionTamoxifen has been in usage for more than 30 old ages, and was considered the gilded criterion hormone th erapy for handling postmenopausal adult females with endocrine dependent chest cancer.15, 20 Large epidemiologic surveies have shown that AIs are more efficacious than Tamoxifen in overall and disease free endurance rates, and hence are now recommended as first line accessory hormone therapy for postmenopausal adult females with chest cancer.3,15 With their known mechanism of action of striping postmenopausal adult females of serum estrogens, therefore taking estrogens protective effects on these cardiovascular hazard factors,6, 11 there is concern that AIs may hold inauspicious effects on lipid profiles.Most writers concluded that aromatase inhibitors have minimum effects or no inauspicious effects on lipid profiles in postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease. However, it is hard to measure the true consequence of AIs on lipid profiles with Tamoxifen as the comparator since it has proved benefit on some lipid parameters,14 and because of the many differe nt design methods used. Small sample sizes were restrictions in a few surveies therefore, the tendencies yielded in those tests may non be unfeignedly declarative of postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease.Long term prospective surveies utilizing big sample sizes and patients with no exposure to any other hormone intervention besides AI, are needed to accurately measure if inauspicious effects on lipid profiles exist from the usage of AIs. From the current available information, though minimally, HDL is the parametric quantity most adversely affected by the usage of AI. This may be a cause of concern for some practicians since lessenings in go arounding sums of HDL are linked with additions in cardiovascular disease.15 Since HDL is considered good cholesterin and a positive hazard factor, diminishing the sum available in blood could perchance hold damaging effects on CVD. Healthcare practicians should be cognizant of this possible hazard of diminishing HDL with AI usage so that proper monitoring in their patients may be performed. devoted that a current intervention option still includes the usage of Tamoxifen followed by exchanging to an AI, it is particularly of import to supervise lipid profiles since some studies14, 15, 17 have shown unfavourable effects on lipid profiles when doing this switch. To find if an real hurt on CVD hazard factors occurs in adult females taking the non steroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors, more long term clinical tests should be conducted.In decision, aromatase inhibitors are being used more and more as first line accessory intervention in postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease. Though it depletes estrogen beginnings, surveies show no well damaging effects on lipid profiles, with most merely demoing minimum, if any, inauspicious consequence. Placebo controlled surveies utilizing equal patient populations and sample sizes for appropriate sums of clip, are neces sary to accurately depict the hazards of AIs on cardiovascular hazard factors. Healthcare practicians should go on to supervise lipid profiles in postmenopausal adult females with chest malignant neoplastic disease and develop individualized intervention programs utilizing current recommendations. ad hoc safety steps for patients utilizing AIs are non necessary,16 and the effects seen in the surveies mentioned in this reappraisal suggest that long term monitoring of all lipid parametric quantities should be a portion of the postmenopausal adult female with chest malignant neoplastic diseases intervention program. Surveillance of hazard factors overtime in these adult females with should assist forestall unfavourable cardiac events.

College Is A Waste of Time and Money Essay

Maybe its my age or my personality, but I really rich personnt make loveed umpteen of the stories that we rich person had to read. To me, there is an essential amount of negativity in them, especially in the titles. I pretend it would have been more interesting and relevant to read a ongoing article on this subject, and not something written in 1975. While the fundamentals are gloss over in play, there have been a take of changes over the age. The most notable difference would be the demographics that make up todays student body. As an older, non-traditional student, I foundert consider it a waste of time or money, and I dont think many others feel that way. at that place are so many concourse who would love to go to college, but are unable(p) to for some reason. Although, Im not familiar with how young people look at college today, I think a significant tot up likely look forward to the opportunity. I do obligate with many of Ms. Birds findings. I dont believe anyon e should be forced to go to college. It should be entirely up to each individual. We still see many parents pushing their kids to continue their education, and often for good reason, but if the child doesnt want to go, it should be their decision. At the age of 18, many are likewise young and confused, and dont know what they want to do with their life.Its also nice to have a break after 13 years of school. We will always have kids who will rebel, just for the rice beer of rebelling. I think a main cause of this for many students is in addition much pressure. They have all these standards to live up to, whether it comes from their parents, their siblings, other family members, or society. Some may take that rebellious attitude because they have tussle learning, and they dont want anyone to know. They would prefer to look like a rebel than to look like a retard. I also agree with the lack of quality teachers, and being required to take many classes that have nothing at all to do w ith your major. A couple of years ago, I had an in-class accounting teacher who just read to us from the book. Im thinking Im coming here and gainful for someone to read to me, I can read all by myself, I am looking for someone to teach me. My main focalize is getting a degree, but I also truly enjoy learning. I definitely agree with her on college being too expensive. I think she would be shocked to see todays prices, and I would be very interested to know what textbooks and tuition cost in her day.The kids backthen had some fear of campus violence. But horrors, like the Kent claim shooting, were not the norm. Today, we are always seeing campus shootings. Although these seem to have force a way of life and can happen anywhere, its still quite scary for the students and may actually have the opposite heart of parents wanting to send their kids off to college. It also seems that hazing has gotten out of control on our campuses. Unfortunately, there is just such an overwhelming h atefulness in our world. There is another factor that may play into a lack of trust to go on to college. They can look at the many advantage stories of people who didnt go to college, some who never even realized high school. These folks used hard work to become millionaires and billionaires. I think some people are more successful because of their magnetized personalities, which has nothing to do with their ability or their intelligence. The article I have included with my essay both contradicts and agrees with Ms. Birds perceptions. The traditional white male students essential feel that college is a waste of time and money, but they are in the minority.

Friday, February 22, 2019

Built in International style Essay

Administration BuildingBuilt in 1949, intriguer in Pablo Antonio Sr. (National maneuverist for Architecture) Architecture is in art deco name (art deco came from the French word art decoratifs) emphasizing the 3s (shape, proportionateness and subtlety) The four monti bas reliefs by Francesco R. Monti (renowned Italian sculptor). Made up of plaster of capital of France and Kamagong o 1.Historical landing of the Chinese on the Philippine discoloration o 2. First Baptism of the Filipinos by Magellano 3. A barrio scene from the Spanish erao 4. Filipino builders against the background of ships, buildings and vehicles which shows the modern industrialization of the sphere art deco celebrated industry Carara stains very expensive marble from Italy (Carrara marble no longer exists) Gintong Pawis/ Bayanihan by Robert T. Ko Robert Ko is a professor of Fine Arts in FEU The mural by Antonio Dumlao ( 60yrs) Conveys the university guardianship of training the youth for progress Glas s Panels (Stained Glass) by Antonio Dumlao sarimanok o Bought both(prenominal)what 2009 pays tribute to FEU 80th year anniversary The university purchased the Sarimank stained glass panels in 2009 to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Administration Building, the FEU Auditorium and the Dumlao mural on the second floor. Central skylightAuditoriumFormerly the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) during 1950s-1960s. All the maiden Filipino and foreign artists performed on its present. It was the only air-conditioned venue. It had a revolving stage and an orchestra pit making it ideal for many productions. Various artist performed some(prenominal) local and international artist (eg. Lisa Macuja, Alexandra Danilora, Alexandra Danilova (prima ballerina), Isaac Stern (violinist), Martha Graham (Dance Drama), Leonor Orosa Goquinco (National Artist for Dance) notch Joaquin (National Artist for Theater) Lamberto & Daisy Avellana (National Artists for Theater)Lucio San Pedro (National Artist for Music) It ho personas 1040 seats, it has a revolving stage which is not being use anymore due to too much electricity consumption Art deco was embellished in the auditorium thru the star diamond shapes on the ceiling. Serve as illuminate while the triangle shape serve as air-condition for the public exposure It complements the color of the university (green and gold) Plaque of UNESCO and the CCP PLAQUEOthersInstitute seals by Galo Ocampo ( Father of Philippine Heraldry) Fluvial Festival of San Clemente painted by National Artist for ocular arts, Carlos Botong FranciscoNicanor Reyes Sr. Facts1st president of FEU Founder1st Filipino controllerHe envisioned a school that would promote the teaching of account statement to Filipinos, a profession formerly available only to foreigners. He valued to prove that Filipinos were capable and trustworthy in handling the hundred of enterprises that would terminus with the coming of the independence of the country. For that matter, he finished his studies in the USA for him to be capable enough to establish a school that will cater to his visionsHe earned an A.B. in 1915 from the University of the Philippines, a bachelors decimal point in Commercial Science from New York University in 1917, and a ascertain of Arts degree in Business Administration from Columbia University the quest year. He received his Ph.D. in Accountancy from Columbia (thats wherefore he is considered the 1st Filipino accountant) which was also the first degree of its liberal to be awarded by Columbia. The Japanese killed him during the pacific war (world war II) and some members of the family. Later on his son Nicanor M. Reyes Jr. became the president of FEU

The Pros and Cons of Police Discretion

Drawing the line between the appropriate functions of apprehension among members of the patrol force remains to be an eventful component of policing. With the discovery of natural jurisprudence force discretion, in that location had been different debates as to its importance and hindrance in the lotion of law within communities. Many arguments hand been placed as a result of much(prenominal)(prenominal) discovery and have prompted different set of opinions and views concerning its move make.In the end, by actively enforcing the films of accountability and the synchronization of processes, the process of discretion post be minimized or limited at a certain uttermost wherein it is due compliant with the rule of law and clinical in nature. The way policing has been designd in the realms of law enforcement has spurred an kindled go about in the traffic with crime hinderion and alimony of peace and surety within a crack upicular confederation. However, the subjec tivity of interpretation among law of nature officers when it comes to utilization discretion has resulted in various criticisms since its discovery.Due to this, thither had been clamors for the abolishment and the promotion of its control. The wall news news report seeks to show episode the relative pros and cons of patrol discretion. By showcasing its relative strengths and weaknesses, it exposes the reality bottom the subjectivity and bias of such actions. Realizing such scenario, there is a need for a redefinition and structuring of jurisprudence objectives that exit ensure the application of the rules and laws while at the same time ensuring that patrol discretion is rooted on objectivity and accountability.Defining treat Before dwelling deeper in the relative strengths and weaknesses of practice of law discretion, it is depression important to emphasize on its meaning and its kindred with the police practice. By ripely defining the depot discretion, it may be p roper to link it to the police practice since such term is associated with different meanings. Linking it with policing objectives, the term discretion moldiness actively partake and coincide with (1) mind, (2) choice, (3) discernment, (4) liberty and (5) pass (APSU, 2001).Seeing such, discretion means the freedom in making choices responsibly infra the circumstances aforementioned. Discretion designates power or freedom to judge and decide what postulate to be done in a particular stain (Seri, p. 2). Establishing parameters and causes Also before elaborating on the strengths and weaknesses of police discretion, it is also proper to put out the relative causes of such sentiment and how it has cultivated the development of such practice. Determining such parameters, one must look at the variables or factors that enhance police judgments and leads them to practice discretion.Examples include (1) offender variables, (2) situation variables, and (3) clay variables (APSU, 2001). Under the element of offender variables, the practice of subjectivity and prejudice somehow be manifested in the practice of law enforcement. Gender and mental wellness status affect how police handle many incidents (APSU, 2001). much(prenominal) be intimate only brings about unequal practice and in the facilitation of sanctions and punishments for different violations. other important variable involves the situation where the police enforces and uses discretion.It is in this situation that the antecedence is granted on things that are unimportant rather than the actual case (APSU, 2001). This lack of logical judgment on what matters most often results in a biased and inaccurate results. Lastly, the system in a friendship also serves as an important and tool for the practice of discretion among the police force. The actual practice of discretion is dependent on the current situations that a system might be facing. Such system in relationship with discretion varies, that is why such practice also is different depending on the particular situation.(APSU, 2001) Positive Outcomes After the discussion concerning its definition and relative parameters and causes, the paper will highlight the positive essences of police discretion. One important outcome of the issue is that it legitimizes the role of the police not only as the defender of laws but at the same time they are given the interlingual rendition power to analyze situations. The police enjoy innumerable opportunities for discretionary judgment and wider margins of discretion than any other sector within the state frame-up (Seri, p. 3).Another important outcome of the said practice is that it creates a different zephyr for the police force that practice discretion. The origin of laws are only applicable if they are ought to be enforced and practiced. Their discretionary power allows police officers to transubstantiate the spirit of laws. With their interpretation of a particular issue, there i s a legitimization of its general hold of a particular society in creating control (Seri, p. 3) The practice of discretion also improves the way police enforces the rules and regulations stipulated by the law.Since they serve as the executor and protector of such laws, they are expected to address every challenges and hurdle given to them. Like other street level bureaucrats, police officers must adapt to law and norms on specific situations, deciding on the extent which legal policy extend reflects the original law on the books (Seri, p. 3). Lastly, the practice of police discretion is an important factor of police power and the maintenance of its hold and grasp of people within a particular community.The concept of discretion in itself is creating the determination of who are good and law-abiding citizens and who are criminals (Seri, p. 4). Such power remains to be spanking in the boilersuit functions of police practice. Negative Consequences Given the positive influences that police discretion creates, there are also implications in such practice. One important sequel is the relative abuse of power among police officers in the issue of discretion. Such actions often emanates on both the extremity and unequal judgment given by authorities.The exercise of police discretion to stop, search, arrest or ship suspects is now regarded as inevitable and not necessarily improper, given the limits of police resources, variations in the seriousness of offending behaviours and the inappropriateness of criminal law for dealing with some situations of conflict and disorder (Bergen, 2005, p. 127). In addition, there seems to be a lapse and undue changing of laws that somehow have been an effect of imperious police discretion.Prior to its original function of responsible practice under the undercoat of laws, there is now a scenario that challenges the foundation of accountability and laws. Discretion allows the police to challenge mechanisms of accountability and to erode the laws and rules that they are required to enforce, in part because of the proactive character of policing and the limited, retroactive character of accountability (Seri, p. 4) Such utilise tooshie create different problematic instances in the realm of law enforcement.The practice of discretion is often times biased and prejudiced upon citizens and results in a negative impression and simplification among races and ethnicity in society. There are instances of police stereotyping, harassment and breaches of basic human rights (Bergen, 2005, p. 127-128). Controlling Police Discretion Given the relative importance and challenges brought about by the issue of police discretion, there ask to be a controlling mechanism that will seek to prevent the ravish and abuse of power by police. By controlling such concept, the process becomes objective, justified, fair and equal.The last part of the paper seeks to showcase several approaches in creating a fair avenue for police discreti on while at the same time addressing the individual needs of citizens as far as safety and security is concerned. One important realization is that police will continue to use discretion. (Kelling, 1999, p. 38). But in this setup, instead of creating an avenue for unjust and subjective interpretations, the manner in which it shall be applied should be dependent on a basis laws and regulations in a particular state.Doing such actions can help enhance and prevent the process of bias and prejudice in apprehending alleged violators. Another vital criterion that can be exhausted in the process is the creation of rules and standards on as to how police practice discretion. Such feat may prove to be difficult in nature due to its relatively varied and diverse situations however by making standards and rules, there can be a synchronized way of facilitating and improving the practice of discretion. It is a practice that is characterized as fair and equal treatment among different people.Mor eover, there needs to be continued training and development among police officers concerning amendments and changes in laws. Being familiar with such tenets can help prevent the natural event of abuse and misuse of power. By actively cooperating among the citizenry and the academy, policemen/women can have a fair advantage and at the same time taking into custody within the community. (Kelling, 1999, p. 41). Accountability is the one often undermined and stepped on when police misuse their discretion.That is why, there needs to be a constant effort to enhance accountability while preserving the ability of the police to practice discretion. There needs to be an establishment of accountability standards that identify competent and/or elegant performance violations of organizational rules, and incompetent and uncaring work, including performance with organizational rules (Kelling, 1999, p. 38). Conclusions then police discretion poses both positive and negative consequences in the community and society.On a high note, its importance in the practice of enforcement can distinctly be seen. However, due to its uncontrolled state, it often leads to abuse and misuse among members of the police force. In the end, there is a need to control the practice of police discretion by placing and putting accountability and other important standards that can help prevent bias and subjectivity. In the end, after all such efforts had been made it still boils down to one common theme the breastplate and maintenance of security among member of the community and society.

Thursday, February 21, 2019

Experiment on polytropic process Essay

Polytropic refinement of AirObjectThe object of this experiment is to find the relation amid imperativeness and volume for the expanding upon of appearance in a obligate watercraft this expansion is a thermodynamic process.IntroductionThe expansion or compression of a screw up can be described by the polytropic relation , where p is pressure, v is specific volume, c is a continuous and the index finger n depends on the thermodynamic process. In our experiment two-dimensional rail line in a stigma pressure vessel is carry through to the atmosphere while the product line remaining in perspective expands. Temperature and pressure measurements of the air within the vessel are recorded. These two measurements are used to bring up the polytropic exponent n for the expansion process.Historical backgroundSadi Carnot (1796-1832) 1 in his 1824 Reflections on the Motive force out of love and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power, realizes a reciprocating, piston-in-pisto n chamber engine. Carnot describes a roulette wheel applied to the machine appearing in guess 5.1, which contains his pilot film skeleton. In this figure air is contained in the chamber formed by the piston cd in the cylinder. Two heat reservoirs A and B, with temperature greater than temperature , are available to make trace with cylinder head ab. The reservoirs A and B maintain their respective temperatures during heat transfer to or from the cylinder head.Carnot gives the following six steps for his machine1.The piston is initially at cd when high-temperature reservoir A is brought into contact with the cylinder head ab. 2.There is equal expansionto ef3.Reservoir A is take away and the piston continues to gh and so cools to . 4.Reservoir B makes contact causing isothermal compression from gh to cd. 5.Reservoir B is removed but unvarying compression from cd to ik causes the temperature to heave to . 6.Reservoir A makes contact, isothermally expanding the air to cd and a nd so completing the cycle.A decade later Clapeyron 2 analyzed Carnots cycle by introducing a pressure-volume, p-v diagram. Clapeyrons diagram is reproduced next to Carnots engine in run across 5.1. Claperon labels his axes y and x, which correspond to pressure and volume, respectively. We go forth examine two process caterpillar treads in this diagram the isothermal compression path F-K and the isothermal expansion path C-E. Since both of these processes are isothermal, pv = RT = perpetual. This is a modified case of the polytropic process , where, for the isothermal process, n = 1, so we have the equivalent result, pv = c.Figure 5.1 Left sketch Carnots engine, after Carnot 1. Right sketch Clapeyrons pressure-volume, p-v diagram, after Clapeyron 2. For the axes in Clapeyrons diagram x = v and y = p.The ExperimentsPhotographs of the equipment appear in Figures 5.2 and 5.3, and a sketch of the components appears in Figure 5.4.steel pressure vessel discharge valves thermocouple junction junction conduit pressure transducerFigure 5.2 The polytropic expansion experiment at Cal Poly.thermocouples thermocouple conduitFigure 5.3 Two, Type-T thermocouples are locate inside the pressure vessel, at the geometric center. Only one thermocouple is used the otheris a spare. In the photo the thermocouple conduit has been removed and held outside of the vessel. The junctions of these thermocouples are constructed of extremely fine wires (0.0254mm diameter) that provide a straightaway time response.Figure 5.4 The polytropic expansion experiment equipment. squash measurements come from the pressure transducer tapped in to the pressure vessel shown in Figure 5.4. The transducer is major strengthed by the unit labeled CD23, which is a Validyne 3 carrier demodulator. The fine wire thermocouple is described in the Figure 5.3 caption. Both thermocouple and pressure signals operate into an Omega 4 flatbed recorder.The trey discharge valves on the right side of the vessel have small, medium, and large orifices. These orifices allow the air inside the vessel expand at three different rates. The pressure vessel is setoff charged with the compressed air supply. This causes the air that enters the vessel to initially rise in temperature. After a few minutes the temperature r severallyes equilibrium at which time one of the discharge valves is opened. Temperature and pressure are recorded for each(prenominal) expansion process. These info are then used to compute the polytropic exponent n for each process. It is important to note that the temperature and pressure of the air inside the vessel are measured, not the air discharging from the vessel.DataPressure and temperature data, for the three runs, are provided in the EXCEL file Experiment 5 Data.xls. abstractIn many cases the process path for a gas expanding or contracting follows the relationship(5.1)The polytropic exponent n can theoretically identify from . However, Wark 5 reports that the relati on is especially useful when . For the following simple processes the n set areisobaric process (constant pressure)n = 0isothermal process (constant temperature)n = 1isentropic process (constant entropy)n = k ( k=1.4 for air) isochoric process (constant volume)n = In our experiment the steel pressure vessel is initially charged with compressed air of spile . Next, the vessel is discharged and the remaining air aggregated is . This final mass was part of the initial mass and occupied part of the volume of the vessel at the initial state. Thus expanded within the vessel with a corresponding change in temperature and pressure. Therefore mass can be considered a closed system with a moving system boundary and the following form of the first police force of thermodynamics applies(5.2)If the system undergoes an adiabatic expansion , and if the work at the moving system boundary is reversible. Furthermore, if we consider the air to be an ideal gas with constant specific heat. With the se considerations the first law reduces to(5.3)Using the ideal gas assumption and differentiating this equation gives(5.4)Substituting comparability 5.4 into 5.3 and using the relationships and givesSeparating variables and integrating this equation, , yields(5.5)which is a special case of the polytropic relationship abandoned by compare 5.1, with n = k.It is important to note that in the festering of Equation 5.5 the expansion of inside the pressure vessel was assumed to be reversible and adiabatic, i.e. an isentropic expansion. In our experiment the adiabatic assumption is hi-fi during initial discharge. However, the reversible assumption is clearly not applicable because the air expands irreversibly from high pressure to low pressure. Therefore we anticipate our data to yield .Two approaches are used to determined the polytropic exponent n from the data1. Equation 5.1 can be written as , which is a power law equation. In EXCEL, a plot of p versus v and a power law curve fit using TRENDLINE will disclose n.2. Equation 5.6 (subsequently developed) may be used with only two states to determine n.Here is the outline of the development of Equation 5.6. We start with , which likewise can be expressed as and combine this with the ideal gas law to obtain(5.6)The temperatures and pressures in Equation 5.6 are all arrogant and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final states.Required1. Pressure and temperature data are provided for all three runs in Experiment 5 Data.xls. Use the ideal gas law, pv = RT, to compute v corresponding to each p. Use SI units m3/kg for v and Pa for p.2. Plot p versus v and find nFor each run, on a bust graph, plot p on the ordinate (vertical) axis versus v on the abscissa (horizontal) axis. Use linear scales. tick the polytropic exponent n for each run using a TRENDLINE power curve fit. Also find the correlation coefficient for each curve. (Be aware that the TRENDLINE power curve fit will give , where y = p, x = v and a and b are constants.) Plot all three runs on a single graph and find n for the combined data.3. subtract Equation 5.6.4. Find n for each run using Equation 5.6, where states 1 and 2 represent the beginning and ending states, respectively.5. In a single table show all of the n values.6. Discuss the pith of your n values, that is, how does your n value compare with n values for other, cognize processes?Nomenclaturec constant, N mspecific heat constant pressure, kJ/kg Kspecific heat constant volume, kJ/kg Kk specific heat ratio, dimensionlessn polytropic exponent, dimensionlessp absolute pressure, Pa or psiaQ heat transfer, kJR gas constant, kJ/kg K (Rair = 0.287 kJ/kgK)T temperature, C or KU internal energy, kJv specific volume, m3/kgV volume m3W work, kJSubscripts1,2 thermodynamic statesReferences1. Carnot, S., Rflexions sur la puissance motive du feu et sur les machines propres dvelopper cette puissance, genus Paris, 1824. Reprints in Paris 1878, 1912, 1953. English translat ion by R. H. Thurston, Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power, ASME, New York, 1943.2. Clapeyron, E., Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat, Journal de lcole Polytechnic, Vol. 14, 1834 translation in E. Mendoza (Ed.) Reflections on the motive Power of Fire and Other Papers, Dover, New York, 1960.3. Validyne Engineering Sales Corp., 8626 Wilbur Avenue, Northridge, CA. 91324 http//www.validyne.com/4. zee Engineering, INC., One Omega Drive, Stamford, Connecticut 06907-0047 http//www.omega.com/5. Wark, K. Jr. & D.E. Richards, Thermodynamics, 6th Ed, WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999. 2005 by Ronald S. Mullisen visible Experiments in Thermodynamics Experiment 5

Information Gathering Obu Essay

Every investigate Report requires information as the groundwork for analysis. Information sources can be categorised as either special or secondary data. There is no requirement for you to hoard up special data within your interrogation Report it is wholly acceptable to vouch your Research Report using only secondary data. The difference between primary and secondary data is identified below. Primary data is fender data that has been hoard by a searcher by any(prenominal) means appropriate in the answer of a specific query question. . e. it has been collected specifically for the Research Report. Examples of primary data implicate questionnaires, interviews, email contacts and surveys. If you decide to collect primary data as part of your research work, then you should state and disengage the following ? The data collection techniques you narrow down to office e. g. questionnaires, interviews. ? Your sample size and an outline of your sampling strategy. ? The method y ou result use to select your sample and the likely response rate.If you intend to collect primary data from faculty within your chosen organisation you mustiness(prenominal) obtain permission to do this from a senior member of staff within the organisation. You should do this as early as possible during your Research Report, since if you are denied access to your desired information sources you may have to see how to meet your construe objectives and research questions. Secondary data is data that has been collected by others for their own purposes, but which may be used by a researcher for his or her different purposes.Examples of secondary data include reference material, books, CD ROMs and financial statements. You should always evaluate the appropriateness and relevancy of secondary data sources. Information included in internet sources may not be reliable from an academic perspective and may not be appropriate for use in your Research Report. If you decide to use seconda ry data as part of your research work, you should state and justify your choice to do so. Where you use published secondary data you must tin precise references using the Harvard Referencing System.This is discussed in more detail in the following section. You must retain all of the information that you collected during your project work until you have received official notification of your RAP horizontal surface from Oxford Brookes University. This includes any questionnaire responses, copies of financial statements, extracts from journals, reports, magazines etc. Oxford Brookes University may wish to ask you to provide additional evidence of your information gathering following the marking of your Research and Analysis project.