Thursday, January 31, 2019

Understanding Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Understanding ShakespeareThe Power of Footnotes and ParaphraseObjectivesThe students pass on1.      equivalence Shakespeares language to a moderately familiar outside(prenominal) language.2.      support the techniques of reading a foreign language to reading Shakespeare.3.     Translate Shakespeares English into modern English by means of class discussion, teamwork and single study. Methods     The instructor begins by presenting an identifiable text to the students in a foreign language. The students are to identify this text through the use of prior experience and footnotes. The teacher then guides the students to summarize the text in modern English. The teacher connects this exercise to how students should approach Shakespeares language. The students then work on a worksheet with a partner where they apply foot notes and careful reading to decrypt the Shakespearean Insults handout. The student s share their work with the rest of the class. If not all of the quotes were cover during class, the students will translate the quotes at home as planning. Materials     Overhead projector      transparency sheet of foreign languages      Overhead pen (optional)     Copies of Shakespearean Insults handout intimate     Translation of identifiable text     3 proceeding     Lecture analyse foreign text to Shakespeare     4 minutes     Pair translation     2 minutes     Wrap up and summary of material     2 minutesEvaluation     The teacher will evaluate the students comprehension of the lesson through the alliance of the students in the class discussion, the quality of student responses to the paired translation exercise, and from the homework of the remaining passages to translate which were not discussed in class. Shakespearean Insults1.     Make thy sepulcher*,     And creep into it far before thy time.     * Sepulcher tomb2.      Polonius I will most humbly take my leave of you.      Hamlet     You cannot, sir, take from me anything that I will not           More willingly part withal.3.     What fool hath added body of water to the sea,      Or brought a faggot* to bright-burning Troy?     * Faggot a tract of sticks used for kindling4.      Do you amend thy face, and Ill amend my life.5.      kilobyte wilt be as valiant as the wrathful dove,      Or most magnanimous mouse.     * Magnanimous brave, cour ageous6.     Her beauty and her brains go not together.7.      Do not     Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven,      Whiles wish well a puffd and reckless libertine*     Thyself the primrose agency** of dalliance*** treads.                         * Libertine an immoral person          ** Primrose path prosperous and care-free          *** Dalliance to waste time, dawdle8.      Thou wast* not wont** to be so dull.          * Wast was or were     ** Wont habit, used to9.

Comparison Of Tones Used By Ph :: essays research papers

Two of the most well cognize black keeprs that were for the abolishnist movement in America were Frederik Douglass and Phillis Wheatley. At a term when a literate Negro would have only existed in a nightmare and when even the majority of the flannel women in the country were illiterate, these 2 authors of distinguished valor managed to write literature and recite speeches that inspired some(prenominal) of the most impenetrable minds to change their ways of thinking. Wheatley would move her selecters with her subtle, yet ruling literature while Douglass would do the same with his powerful use of rowing.Phillis Wheatley was wizard of the more inactive abolishionist writers. Because she was a slave and she was aware of her position in society as opposed to the whites, she knew that enfuriating her audience was the wisest thing to do. When criticizing slavery she chose her words very wisely. In her poem On Being Brought from Africa to America, for example, she does not blatan tly protest about slavery and call her readers savages like Douglass would do. Instead she and realise has realized her position in serialized her position in society as a slave and In her literature she criticizes slavery through rli Although, Phillis Wheatley was an abolishnist writer, she passive than a lot of her literature didnt always reflect. At offset glance it would For a man going against a legion of non-followers, Frederik Douglass held nought back. Wheatley, Unlike unFor an abolishnist writer, one mustand Although they both took very diifrent approaches very, but as well managed to get their works published. Wheatley would move the crowed inspire authors wrote poetry ab it was a forbid for a Negros to learn how to read black to learn how to read andbeing literate being illeterate was law for blacks, and women ere being illetarate for Wheatley and Douglass wroteAt a time where it was forbidden for a Negro to learn how to read and even majority of the white women could nt read, Phillis and Wheatley were writing verses that were so powerful wthese two authors, managed to recite speeches and write sonnets to get to

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

Should Animals Used Lab Research Health And Social Care Essay

Peoples any over the innovation flummox diverse ideas on utilizing excite creations for testing ground interrogation. Most of revolutionise organism honests groups believe that exalt world should non be customd in seek science laboratory look for beca wont they be ethicall(a)y incorrect, and p personalful to the come to beings. They in any event claim that most ignorant explore find checkup examination revivify really ill-treatment the speed up beings in lab interrogation. question studies train shown that in that respect atomic number 18 more than 20 million furbish up beings look intoed yearly in lab inquiry to acquire better medical military capability for tribe ( Andre &038 A Valesque, n.d. ) . Majority of sensual just groups prefer that enquiry workers occasion tack together interrogation method for their lab search, because there be many an opposite(prenominal) ethical statements against the customs duty resuscitate beings in lab investigate ( American Anti-Vivisection Society, 2010 ) .On the other manus, due to many new types of piece disease today, big add up of renovate being go away be used in lab query to happen suited vaccines and vivify ( animal(prenominal) Research, 2009 ) . wildcat proving continues because this is the best flair to prove medical merchandises to insure the basic physiologic mechanisms and the best manner to cover with certain disease. new(prenominal) ground brutal research to go on is because the usage of repair beings has made major parts to the apprehension, intervention, and bar for homo and doctor being diseases ( Quimby, 1998 ) . Furthermore, in many instances, play beings ar vulnerable to hold the aforementioned(prenominal) diseases that tinct worlds because most active beings thrust variety meats and organic grammatical construction system a wish well to worlds and other animate beings ( AALAS, 2010 ) . This is why animate beings atomic number 18 p referred to be used in lab research sort of than other alternate methods. Although there are many ignorant adept groups claiming that utilizing animate beings in lab research is barbarous, it is undeniable that carnal research is needed to salvage the homo and carnal life.First, most carnal right groups claim that animate being s life are non cute in lab research, because intimately all the animate beings used for lab research depart decease when their experiments are over. It is truthful that big sum of animate beings are used in lab research, plainly this does non reckon that all of the animate beings exit decease. A study of U.S. Department of husbandry s twelvemonth 2009 shows that a sum of 1,131,076 experiment animate beings were purchased for lab research. From the unspoilt 1,131,076 animate beings purchased, study shows that 151,457 animate beings were non used, 548,755 animate beings were used with no botheration and no drug, 76,001 animate beings were used wit h smarting but no drugs and 354,863 animate beings were used with transgressing and with drugs ( USDA, 2009 ) . Traveling to the extent, alone some animate beings efficacy decease. This is because, from the same study, it revealed that 38 % of animate beings suffer in hurt therefore there should be less than 38 % of animate beings volition be decea ripple ( USDA, 2009 ) .Furthermore, it is usual that some experiment fails in lab research and might do animate beings decease, but animal right groups should actualize there are many records of experiments which success allow for profit for many life ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are many diseases looking while we already have batch diseases with no remedy ( Animal Research, n.d ) . Assorted diseases affect worlds life, as in 2004, WHO report shows 58.8 million people died globally because of diseases handle bosom onslaught and malignant neoplastic disease. ( WHO, 2004 ) . This state of affairs unimpeachably necessitate big sum of carnal research to be carried out, but the statistic of animate being research shows that animate beings used in lab are worsening each twelvemonth ( AALAC, 2010 atomic number 63an Commission, 2007 ) . Disease exchangeable malignant neoplastic disease have no remedy lay down until presently, but from the part of carnal research there are anti-cancer medical specialty found by research companies such as Roche ( Animal Research, n.d. Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Despite of that, there is no strong ground animate being right groups tell that the full animate being which used are been killed or the carnal use were been increasing. Some company have been perfective tense but other companies should seek their best to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit to salvage much life s disease.Second, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being s rights are mistreated when they were used in experiments. They says that animate beings will be squeeze to engender, cag ed in dark, and specimens will be exhibited. all(a) of the statements are non true because the animate beings are controlled stairss and regulations on making research. This type of animate being abuse largely will be done by illegal research companies since legal companies will embrace carnal rights association s regulations that have been prepared. Example of regulation have been prepared was riddance of hurting and panorama of animate being attention equivalent caging eating, exercising for Canis familiariss and the psychological comfort of Primatess which purely controlled by Federal Torahs which the Animal Welfare incite and Public Health Service manage for animate being s right ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Roche Company is one illustration of the legal company that follows regulations decided by animate being rights groups ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Roche Company s research workers will non lb or shelter the animate beings because they will buy all animate beings from selected Sellerss who specialise in lovingness and bring forthing animate beings for research intent. The carnal seller Roche research workers choose should be professional breeders, because animate being should be breed with their voluntary and non forcedOn the other manus, there are several types of organisation that statute law was determined to protect the public assistance and attention for animate beings used in scientific research by assorted states. Many states have their ain specified jurisprudence regulating the intervention of animate beings which involved in scientific procedures ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . They have Torahs for protect the public assistance of animate beings to secure that any scientific experiments refering carnal agony will be balanced by the possible benefit of the research as auspices to animate beings. Some of the illustrations of research associations are European Biomedical Research Association ( EBRA ) , European Commission ( EU ) , American Association for re search laboratory Animal Science ( AALAS ) and Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal maintenance International ( AAALAC ) . EBRA association which represent the research community within Europe states was established to animate the apprehension of the ready of animate beings in medical and veterinary research ( EBRA, 2010 ) . This means all the European states must follow EBRA or any other association regulations, if non they will be know as illegal research organisation. Many people are misconstruing close carnal research because merely some illegal research workers that debauch animate beings in lab research and do legal research workers besides get the incrimination for the abuse of animate being.Third, carnal right groups claimed that all the animate being which been experimented are have similar facial expression like homo. So animate beings will see hurting and hurt when involve in experiment merely like homo does. This come on was a often arg ued affair by carnal rights group. They should understand that the usage of animate beings in research and testing is purely controlled, peculiarly sing possible hurting ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Therefore most animate beings will merely friendship merely little or fleeting hurting when taking blood samples, giving injection, or holding a alteration of nutrition ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . Every research worker or organisation that does carnal research should follow regulations which purely controlled by Federal Torahs from the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Act ( AALAS, 2010 ) . In extra, every establishment of research worker must fall in a delegating which includes an external member of the public plus a veterinary who will analyze and supervise every possible experiment to assist guarantee best animate being attention and interventions.Research workers believe that the animate beings that help out us to check the secrets of disease that should be view with best atte ntion, because the animate being which good threated will supply more dependable scientific consequences ( AALAS, 2010 ) . Sometimes the animate being will experience utmost hurting and hurt affected by diseases, but anesthetics or trouble relieving drug will be given for most instances to ministration them from hurting. Before certain carnal research is approved by associations like the Roche Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ( IACUC ) , hurting and hurt direction will be used in carnal research proposal. Therefore, if there are any researches that may potentially do hurting or hurt in animate beings found, they must be scientifically justified by including a warrant that alternate methods are non available. ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . All carnal research proposals besides must hold a solvent that the proposal does non needlessly double other carnal research. So people do non necessitate to worry almost carnal feeling in lab research because there are legion slipway to lo wer the hurting and hurt that animate being will travel through and through in research and some Animal Welfare associations that concern about animate being rights in lab research.Finally, carnal right groups have claimed that animate being lab research is non essential and they should non be go on because there are other alternate methods could be used. Examples of other alternate methods are In Vitro Research, In Silico ( Computer ) Technologies, Safety Testing, and Epidemiologic and clinical Studies ( PCRM, n.d. ) . Truly to develop utilizing non-animal method to replace the usage of carnal research is proved really hard because even after non-animal method were actual and validated will non accepted by regular governments worldwide. That method should be the number 1 pick to the carnal trials before clinical test ( Animal Research, n.d. ) . An illustration is, if you have discovered a conceivable drug that might destruct lung malignant neoplastic disease cells and it will be a imaginable new intervention for lung malignant neoplastic disease. But the first thing to happen out is, do it really does kill lung malignant neoplastic disease cells merely or healthy lung cells excessively. Laboratory animate beings have variety meats and organic structure systems similar to worlds and other animate beings. In many instances, they are susceptible to the same diseases that affect worlds. ( AALAS, 2010 ) It is non imaginable to come on drugs or performs several different sorts of of import scientific probe without carnal research. Animal research was biological and medical research methods that use cells, tissues, people, and high tech equipment ( Animal Research, n.d. ) .In modern universe, kids ordinarily receive a vaccinum that delivers lifetime protection from the diseases and immunise them in contrast to typhus, diphtheria, whooping cough, variola, and lockjaw. Millions of people in the universe are healthy heavy(p) because of those vaccinums that were made probably through carnal research ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) In the interact clip, alternate methods like computing machine theoretical accounts and cell civilizations are first-class used for demoing and specifying the toxic potency of a substance in the early stages of probe for lessening the figure of animate beings required in research ( AALAS, 2010 ) . There is possible of 3Rs construct of alternate method which Reduce, refine and Replace could be followed in carnal research ( DLRM, 2001 ) . There are legion alternate methods could be used for cut down the use of animate beings in lab research. Animal research can non be banned in lab research because animate beings are biologically similar with human, they could assist to bring around human and carnal diseases. It is true that animate being researches have many history of success on remedy diseases.Besides, censoring carnal research and non-human archpriest research in any state is non possible and really unsafe for tha t state s economic assistance and medical progress. Once the carnal researches were banned in their county, the research workers from their state will carry on their research experiment outside of their state. This will impact their state s criterion of research and medical demands because the state s research criterion will be influenced by other planetary states. On other side of position, if the carnal research or non-human archpriest research was banned globally, there will bigger job because greater country of medical required could be found ( Roche FAQs, n.d. ) . There are studies shows that more than 90 % of animate being and non-human Primatess are used in research merely for evaluates curtain drugs or vaccinum s efficiency and safety earlier tested on homo.The study on animate beings or non-human Primatess proving was required by restrictive governments worldwide. Examples of restrictive governments worldwide are European Medicines Evaluation Agency and the U.S. intellec tual nourishment and Drug Administration ( European Commission Environment, 2010 ) . The ground why these regulative authorization organic structures worldwide wants an efficiency and safety database on carnal experimentation, is because they want to minimise the hazards of patient who will be utilizing the merchandise. Lastly animate beings which benefit on biomedical research non merely cure human diseases but besides save carnal diseases. Feline immunodeficiency virus ( FIV ) and felid leukemia virus ( FeLV ) infections are major causes of decease in cats. In the U.S. , it is estimated that 2-3 % of all cats are infected with one or both of these diseases. A vaccinum is available to forestall these diseases, but much extra work is necessary to explicate these diseases and their intervention ( AALAS Foundation, n.d. ) . Scarification of each animate beings were been saves many lives non merely for now but for the hereafter excessively.In decision, carnal research is good and th ere are several other parts of research where animate being testing is wholly necessary particularly in medical spheres, like shots, behavior jobs, mental defects, and other. Peopless besides must be clear about some jobs that they do non cognize in carnal research and non to smirch carnal research. First there is no cogent evidence that full animate beings which used in carnal research were been killed, and research worker are seeking their greatest manner to cut down the use of animate beings and increase the benefit for safe all life s disease. Second people should understand that legal animate being research worker will non harm animate beings in researches because all carnal research is really purely regulated by legion different moralss communities and regulative organic structures. Third there are legion ways to diminish the hurting and hurt that animate beings go through in research, so people do non necessitate to worry about animate beings experiencing. Ultimately, becaus e animate beings are biologically similar to human and they have work out many disease of human go through, there is no manner to censoring the carnal research hence alternate methods besides are non dependable as carnal research. Scarification of each animate being will salvage many lives non merely now but for the hereafter excessively. In order to make consciousness for people about the benefit of carnal research, companies should make explanation about their company mission in utilizing animate being for lab research and the authorities should take serious treat for company that does non follows regulations made by carnal rights group. Indeed at that place many facts that prove carnal research is of import and should be go along by following the regulations fixed by animate being rights associations, as it is good and improves the quality for human and animate beings life.2390 words

Saturday, January 26, 2019

How Successful Was Daniel Kleinman in meeting the brief of the Charity?

For any charity, invokeisement and raising sense of the issue they are campaigning against is an essential part of their running. The NSPCC in detail find that raising awareness of child ab put on is of vital importance, and this instrument that the intimateisements they do broadcast attain to be extremely effective. After study an advert produced by Daniel Klein existence for the NSPCC, called The Ventriloquist, I have realized that in collection to make an appeal advert as successful as possible, a number of kinks must be employ or sayn into consideration.The unanimous purpose of Kleinmans campaign was to alert the public that there are millions of children forth there who have no-one to turn to- and that by simply volunteering just a rough hours of their week, they could masterlyly change a childs life. The title given to the oppose was Someone to Turn to, which refers to twain adults macrocosm more aware of baby Abuse trying to act more productively against it and also to hike up children to talk to the NSPCC because they are forever and a day there for them.This advert in special foc utilise on alerting the public that Child Abuse is casualty charge in situations which may seem short middling. The child in the advert was in supposedly safe environments with trustworthy figures that should have been protect her- yet they all failed to notice what was breathing out on, a point illustrated by the fact the man was sat right in front of them and perfectly visible, yet they still couldnt see himOther than all of this, the main withdraw of the charity is always to attract more attention to the problem and to raise more contri bution, whether it is through volunteering, donations or even out through physically spill out and taking action against Child Abuse. In my opinion, the advert is real successful, as it could have easily animate all of the above events to take place. This is particularly impressive, as the brief Daniel Klein man received would have been unbelievably problematic to fulfil, considering the sensitivity which has to be given to the subject.It needed to be treated with get it on appropriateness, and Kleinman had to take care not to be crude or offensive, but at the same(p) time still highlight the brutality of the issue, both physically and mentally. I feel this is achieved, and that the advert manages to tactfully show how pitch-black and malevolent the situation is through using effective viewry, expressions, or even silence itself and thus illustrates how isolated and mute the victim is. So what is it active the advert which makes it have quite so lots impact?Kleinman used a number of technical devices in the advert, which contributed with child(p)ly to its success. For a start, he mixed visual effectuate and real people with animated effects and dummies. The ventriloquist act is very appropriate for several reasons- Firstly it is a slap-up allegory of how the man completely rules her life- so much that she has stopped being a real human being and is just controlled by him. Secondly, the social unit principal of dummies is very scarey and ominous, and so people are appall right from the start of the advert when there is a dummy amongst a class of real children.This draws attention to the daughter, and our minds immediately focus on her. 1 of the best used animated effects was the dummys eyes. utilise animation, the eyes were do larger than they should have been and therefore reflected the girls emotions a lot better- similar to Dennis Potters inclination of using adult actors to playact children, as their larger bodies act as a kind of magnifying glass to the emotions and movements. They dummys eyes have this very same effect.They are very expressive, and throughout the advert they look scared, uncertain, alarmed and tenebrous as well as constantly checking with the man before she speaks. Furthermore, at the end of the video after dismissing her m others concerned questions, she closes her eyes for a few seconds so that her complete misery is do obvious. Another technical device used by Kleinman is the soundtrack of the advert, which uses a faithful mixture between silences, setting signal noises and actual music.The advert begins with just the normal sounds of a school classroom, direct the viewer into a false sense of security, and when the dummy sat on the mans lap comes into view, it makes it even more disturbing and shocking. Then, as the dummy speaks with the mans voice, chilling music starts, making the scene even more alarming. This spine-tingling music is used throughout the advert, with the exception of just a few scenes, and results in a growing feeling of suspense, making the overall impact of the commercial much greater.An alternative method used by Kleinman in the soundtrack is silence, an effect which plant life perfectly in the play park scene. The play park scene is perhaps the most distressing, which i s mainly due to the isolation of the surroundings. We are witnessing firsthand a form of Child abuse, and as the viewer we are made to feel helpless- we wad see the abuse happening, yet we cant hear it or do anything about it. In this way, the video is extremely emotive, as it creates an pulsation in people to take action.However, it is not just the soundtrack which created this feeling, and many other elements of the advert contributed to its success- Obviously, the actual Character and Narrative were a fundamental part. The man who was playing her abuser was extremely convincing in his part, and at some points actually made the viewer cringe with how alarming the scene was. His facial nerve expressions were completely composed, showing how confident he is in treating the girl comparable this, as if it were perfectly natural.Another part of his characterization which was as every bit disturbing was his intimacy with the girl. Throughout the advert she is constantly sat on his l ap, an allegory to his domination and control over her. Also, it stressed the fact that no-one can get close to her apart from him and that she is isolated and separated from everyone else, even her sustain mother. Another affective part of the staging for the Advert is the fact that no-one else notices the man, stressing the aloneness and seclusion of the girl, and that no-one can get through to her.In fact, it is the exact opposite, and she is shunned outdoor(a) by people- particularly her peers. This is represented predominantly in the bus scene, when everyone is express mirth at her- even the paedophile is smirking and appears to be mocking her. Overall, I gauge that the most important feature in the commercial is the use of narrative, and the swapping of voices. The girl cant speak for herself instead the paedophile has completely taken over her life, always present and intimidating.The deep mans voice is grotesque, and immediately captures the audiences attention and shoc ks them, making them fascinated with the advert and meaning they are affected as much as possible by the advert. Consequently to much(prenominal) enormous affects on the sense of hearing that the advert motivates, it is clear that Kleinman must have used extremely great directing techniques to create such a result. In particular, Kleinman uses lighting and colours a lot to put empathize on the mood of the film, such as putting the Ventriloquist dolly under a direct maculation to draw the viewers attention towards her.This lighting effect also meaning that the doll has lots of shadows around her, especially falling on the Ventriloquist himself. These shadows represent the malevolence which surrounds the girl constantly, and how her whole life seems like a dark pit of despair. Another technical device which Kleinman used in the advert was the colouring used. Whilst the girl is around other children, the colouring is bright and energetic, as a childrens life should be, but as soo n as she is onward from them it becomes dreary and sinister- an illusion of what her life is like at home.Throughout the advert, the background to the scenes is mirroring the mood of the soundtrack and lighting, putting empathise on the points being made even more. As part of my research for the making of this Advert, I watched an interview with Kleinman so that I could see what his objectives were whilst creating the advert. From seeing this, I discovered that Kleinmans appraisal for the Ventriloquist doll was drawn out of his desire to show how controlled and vulnerable abused children were. Using a Ventriloquist is perfect for this, for they are naturally chilling even extraneous from any fearful situation.Kleinman felt that this mechanically brought great tension to the scenes, and complete caught the attention of the viewer- the makings of an ideal advert. Owing to the number of effective elements of the advert mentioned above, it is licit that the impact on the viewers was extremely great. Any child-abuse advert automatically evokes sadness and sympathy from the audience however because of the in-depth styles of directing which took place in the producing of this commercial, the audience are also made to feel complete empathy towards the girl, and it leaves them with hard distressing thoughts.However, one of the main necessities of the advert was that its message was clear to jr. audiences, and in this way the advert does not produce very good results. Due to the depth of the allegorical devices used in the advert, it is quite apparent that a younger audience would find it hard to grasp the idea and information which is being portrayed. This is one of Kleinmans only faults in the production of this advert.In the majority of circumstances, it is young children, who are suffering in these abysmal situations and therefore the appeals also need to be suitable for someone of that age group. What is the use in alerting the public of all these horrendous acts if the children themselves cannot realize what is going on and tell someone? Overall, I think that due to the complexness of the advert, it is not suitable for a younger audience, as it would not have the wanted affect on them and be equivalently useless.Despite all this, the advert is still incredibly emotive. So did Kleinman reach the Charitys brief? Personally I feel that he did, as the disturbing nature of the advert resulted in the utmost awareness from the audience, meaning that the appeal was even more promising to be successful. This reaction to the advert is exactly that which the Charity wanted- they are inspired to take action against Child Abuse and are made cognizant of the reality that Abuse can happen in the most ordinary of situations.

Friday, January 25, 2019

Kurt Vonnegut Essay

Kurt Vonneguts novel, shambles Five appeargond on the list of Time magazines 100 each beat best English language novels since 1923. written in 1969, this novel is considered a classic and is also known as one of his best works. Slaughterhouse -Five spans the different time power points of the keep of billystick Pilgrim, the protagonist. Vonnegut witnessed the Bombing of Dresden in World War II, and this novel portrays the aftermath of the state of state of war. Vonnegut uses time travel as the patch device to portray human conditions from an unusual perspective.He was a prisoner in the Battle of Bulge in December 1944 in Dresden, Germany as a battalion scout. In all likelihood, the bombing of Dresden saved him from being sent to the Auschwitz spatter ch chromatics. Vonnegut was among the few survivors that were interpreted as prisoners to a slaughterhouse during the war and he worked in a meat-locker under this slaughterhouse, making diet supplements for pregnant women . The title refers to the slaughterhouse where truncheon stayed as the prisoner of war. Vonnegut combines science fiction elements along with human conditions in the aftermath of the Dresden bombing, to drive the point.Slaughterhouse-Five is the story of a man he-goat Pilgrim who has germ unstuck in time. This term refers to his surviving a skip crash where he suffers a minor brain damage. Vonnegut has created a chaff on fatalism. He believes that no matter how distressing the situation of a man is he has the power to create his own reality done the sheer power of imagination. Billy Pilgrim experiences different time periods of his life specially his experiences of the World War II. The seemingly random happening of his life structures the thematic elements of the novel in an unraveling order.The novel examines many events in Billys life. This includes the death of his wife, his capture by the Nazis in World War II, and the unfortunate bombing of Dresden, which also became the inspiration of this book. The major root comprises of the narrative that depicts Billys difficult times in Dresden, the secondary motif that runs through is his easy and affluent life as an optometrist in the metropolis of Illium, virgin York, which is a fictional stand-in for Troy, New York, the city of Schenectady, New York.This is the place where Vonnegut has based most of his novels. The fiction runs parallel to the story of Vonneguts own transition from the depressing years of 1930s, which was also the time period when The Great Depression occurred, to a well to do existence that followed. The sarcastic essence of the novel is portrayed by the repetitive phrase, so it goes which Vonnegut uses to detect death and dying whether it is of man, animal or the bubbles of champagne. He uses it to downplay the incident of mortality making it sound humorous and routine.Some would give voice that his books be creepy, but the fact is that he wrote beautiful, bizarre and horrifyi ng novels pig out with dark humor, and that set him apart as a unique writer. In Slaughterhouse Five he uses words and phrases such as, mustard gas and roses to describe the rotting smell of a corpse, and the breath of an alcoholic. This novel explores the whim of fate, freewill and illogical nature of human beings. In the first chapter the teller apologizes about the fact that the novel is so short and jumbled and jangled and thus goes on to explain the fact that at that place is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre.The satirical tone and the dark humor is the alibi, which he uses to describe the horrific aftermath of bombings and war in general. there argon collar themes that he uses in Slaughterhouse Five. The first and foremost theme is the- War. He writes about the separates of war which is love, beauty, humanity, innocence, humor etc. In Slaughterhouse Five just like his many previous novels, he says that war is hurtful for us and it is better to love one anoth er and reside in peace, than have wars.However, she doesnt use love as the contrast of war, since Billy Pilgrim was not shown as a man who is madly in love with his wife. Yet he chose to depict it in a fallible yet effective manner. An interesting contrast Vonnegut uses in his novels ar differences mingled with the characteristics of men and women. Men are shown as cruel and ready to he engage in war any time, and the females are the shields, playing the wound absorbers effect capably, as they are always engaged in toilsome to dissuade men from getting into wars.Women in Vonneguts novels are more humane, loving and have strong wills. The most compelling theme is that we as people are like bugs trapped in an amber and there are no whys to it. In a sequence in the novel, when Billy is trapped in Tralfamadorin Flying Saucer he asks, wherefore me? . Why you? Why us for that matter? Why anything? Because this moment hardly is . Have you ever seen bugs trapped in amber? Billy w as asked, and he recalls that he in fact had a paperweight in his office, which was a answer out of polished amber with three ladybugs trapped inside it.Billy answers in affirmation and he is told Well, here we are, Mr. Pilgrim, trapped in the amber of this moment. There is no why. (ibid pg. 76-77). This extraterrestrial experience of Billy is symbolic of the fact that we are physically stuck in this world with no choice over our circumstances. In Vonneguts novels there are no set themes or plot that follows the story of heroes, heroines or villains. As Ernest W. Ranly says that all the characters in Vonneguts books are comic, pathetic pieces, juggled about by some inexplicable faith, like puppets. (Riley, 1974, pg. 54).Vonnegut himself says in his book Hocus Pocus that if there is no one to get a line the blame for the bad happenings in the book, it can only mean that the villain is God Himself or Herself or Itself or Whatever (Vonnegut, Hocus Pocus, 1990). another(prenomina l) significant theme is that there is no soldier, only man. Being a soldier is a fiction as a soldier is just a puppet of war used to do as the war demands. He doesnt reside a human being anymore. Vonnegut expresses this thought most noticeably in this extract from the novel from the time when Billy was imprisoned in Dresden.When the three fools found the communal kitchen, whose main job was to make lunch for workers in the slaughterhouse, everybody had been waiting for them impatiently. She was a war widow. So it goes. She asked Gluck if he wasnt horribly young to be in the army. He admitted he was. She asked Billy Pilgrim what he was supposed to be. Billy said he didnt know. He was trying to keep warm. All the real soldier are dead. She said. It was true. So it goes. (Vonnegut 1969. Pg. 159). Another obvious theme is that death is inevitable.It also goes on to explain that life goes on, no matter what happens and who dies. The phrase so it goes occurs one hundred and cardinal times throughout the novel it happens every time someone dies, to take away the seriousness of death and impart a humorous woodland to its inevitable graveness. This book has different meanings for different people, as everyone would be potential to interpret its subtle messages in their own way. The point that Vonnegut wanted to make was that no matter what happens , we should retain our humanity.

Wednesday, January 23, 2019

About Nyc

vivacious in America is a fantasy for a lot of people, and life story in sensitive York City is something all the same better, and more magical than any fantasy. Although regarded as the most(prenominal) populated urban center in the United States, the whole city has something interesting to offer everyone. It is make out divided into five boroughs , being Queens , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Manhattan , and Staten Island respectively . The landmarks in New York city atomic number 18 known all over the world . thither is the famous Statue of Liberty, Brooklyn Bridge, Wall Street, the sky scrapers, and the World Trade Center, now retrieveed rationality zero.One of Manhattans famous landmarks is Times square toes. Different kinds of lights illuminate the area, where people are seen partying, having fun, and enjoying life. People from all over the world go to Times Square to name a glimpse of such a beautiful sight. A New York trip will never be complete without a visit to Tim es Square. The skyscrapers are so astonishingly tall and eye-catching. These buildings posses the most beautiful architecture I have ever seen in my lifetime. I think to myself, there are so many buildings here I fall upon it hard to believe that man is capable of putting them up.The buildings think like they have plunged from GODs hand and landed at one spot. New York City is basically a crowded and slight city. With a population of almost eight million residents, it is actually a mystery how such a heavy(a) population would fit in one city. During the day, the streets and the subways are filled with busy people, with the roads filled with cars and the straight honking of vehicles. By night, stars are accompanied by the millions of lights that illuminate the busy streets. They call New York the city that never sleeps.Let me tell you something, this big city called The turgid Apple is the capital of all the new fashions and trends. Shops on the Fifth passageway will make you really aroma like a jillion Dollar person, while in Chinatown you shag impersonate the cheapest unbranded engorge that looks almost the same. You chiffonier go see the The New York Mets at Shea arena in Flushings, Queens, and The New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. You can buy anything at anytime during the day or night because the shops never close.Walking eat up the Manhattan streets, its almost customary to flavor the smoke of exhaust from thousands of cars. The smoke coming from Subway stations underneath the roads can get to your nostrils quicker than it can be seen. It almost makes you feel like if you are a big giant walking along houses under your feet that have smoke coming out of their chimneys. At the same time the smell of heatabledogs stands, salted pretzel stands make you aware of their presence as your smell sensors go crazy, and start telling your brain to get some.You can try your trump out but the smell from Italian pizzerias will sure pull you in for a slice or two charge if you are not a pizza lover. Then you have the fresh smell of contrastive fruits coming from the fruit stands on the streets, reminding you that New York City even has choices for everyone even for healthy conscious ones. I lived and liked Brooklyn borough of New York City because it has so many Pakistani people, that its called Little Pakistan. There you will find tasty Indo-Pakistani food.Your taste buds will thank you for the spicy aroma, and tenderness of whiner or beef kabobs perfectly done on clay oven called tandoor. squawker curry, beef curry with freshly clay oven baked Naans, Bryani, or tandoori chicken will give you the perfect combination of spices, aroma, tenderness, and fill you right up for a very reasonable price. In Manhattan, during the winter time, you have the roast sweet almonds, and roasted salted peanuts that make your whole body warm. after eating a few of those, you might not like het up cocoa again.Sounds of honkin g of cars are a part of life in this city. Living in the apartments, its normal for you to wake up at least 2 to 3 times a night because of the sirens of Police or Fire trucks. Although you do not get to see any big planes over Manhattan anymore, but you hear the big planes roaring almost everywhere else reminding you of the fact that New York City is home to not only Westchester, Newark, but to big airports like JFK, and LaGuardia also. In winter, snowflakes are my favorite. Touching the snow, falling generously, makes you feel like you are touching the clouds.On Brooklyn and Brighton beaches, you can touch the cold water, and hot sand, making you feel as if you were in Caribbeans. New York City never sleeps, so you can see, smell, feel, taste and touch so many things that you can go on and on about this great city, its beauty, and its wonder. here(predicate) you can see so many different cultures, different worlds living in one small world. I know that experiences that I had in that city are so magical and extraordinarily special, they will unceasingly be with me where ever I go.

Tuesday, January 22, 2019

English Language and Students

1 Introduction At present, announceing a immaterial actors line represents one of the inherent requirements of to sidereal day? s society. Besides new(prenominal) sciences and knowledge, it is considered as one of the most(prenominal) influencing factors mend applying for a business or sustaining in a particular action position under the condition of advancing the spoken conference level. Based on my pasture experience, I kitty confirm that knowing a alien phraseology is a necessity for e rightfullyone in general, chief(prenominal)(prenominal)ly for my scholarly individuals soldiers. These commonwealth argon needed to r each(prenominal) a decent level in a outside(prenominal) diction in rear to accomplish military assignments in missions abroad. program line foreign spoken colloquys, primary(prenominal)ly English, for these military inventions is resultd by the defence pition Language implant in Vyskov where I kick in been ciphering as an English instructor for almost three years. My principal goal is to provide the soldiers with as businesslike English little(prenominal)ons as possible beca subr extinctine it will be them who will make up to deal with international relationships and take measures for solving various situations. The main debate for choosing this proposition for my bachelor thesis was realizing how authorized enunciateing is in frequent situations.No matter where we atomic number 18, both in the Philippine Republic or in a foreign country, English colloquy plays a crucial shargon in understanding each separate and dealing with variant kinds of reveal problems. It means school instructors need English to seduce pass with their colleagues native lectureers.. crimson if they come from America, England or Australia and their accents differ, it is just a question of period for teachers and withal learners to adjust to their linguistic motion and distinguish differences in pronunciatio n.Being up to(p) to forbear a fluent confabulation with a native coverer is viewed as the main goal of students, which underlines the size fittedness of verbalise acquisitions in a student? s point of view. Therefore, in my thesis I decided to concentrate on communicative activities which might be helpful for English teachers and enhance their students? communicative skills. 1. 1 Statement of the problem This research would What is the effectiveness of implementing disquisition zona at the University campus? 1. 2 Objective of the studyThe objectives of my studies be 1. To review the concept and importance of address skill. 2. To analyze the factors that argon effective in address skill. 3. To explore the new ways of address skill. 4. To recommend how they improve speaking skill in English at University campus. * * 2 Discussion 2. 1. SPEAKING * 2. 1. 1 Speaking as a skill For most people, the index to speak a foreign spoken row is synonymous with knowing that verb iage because vernacular is for them the basic means of human communication.English run acrossers no coherenter expect the tralatitious apostrophize of their teachers ground on proceed under ones skining mainly the grammatical competency and apply methodology popular in the past. Today, teachers ar expected to provide their students with usable active knowledge of the foreign language, non just conjecture about the language. Communicative approach focuses on a balance in the midst of fluency and true statement and is the most competent for those students whose aim is to gain cartel in speaking and dialogueal abilities.Nevertheless, speaking in a foreign language has carry ons been viewed as the most demanding of the four skills. While sense of hearing and reading involve the ability to adaptly receive messages and are and so referred to as receptive skills, speaking and writing, on the early(a) hand, involve language production and are referred to as producti ve skills. (Harmer 1995, 16) Producing spoken language has a salient deal meant a difficulty and an obstacle for English learners. There might pinch a question why.The answer is obvious. In the natural spoken language students are required to be aware(p) of characteristics of fluent speech, practically(prenominal) as reduced mixtures, use of slang or idioms, fixed phrases, collocations and most significantly the pace of speech. All of these ware to be taken into consideration darn practising conversation in single out. Without these, our spoken language would work bookish and unnatural. To head off this, it is essential to introduce and perform real communication with our students ithin the learnedness process. If it is neglected, it whitethorn be a reason why students are often surprise and disappointed when using a foreign language for the first sequence whilst interacting in foreign milieu. They have not been prepared for spontaneous communication and could not header with all of its simultaneous demands. The embarrassment is usually caused by students inability to adjust to native speakers speech. This is natural and adjures patience succession learning to speak or communicate in a foreign language.As I already mentioned, native speakers are a great support and the probability to communicate with them means even greater encouragement for our students. Although it is quite demanding for students to keep up in conversation with them, they take it as an advantage in their studies. Most English learners are actually familiar with the fact that the beaver way to advance their speaking skills is adjusting to it in an English speaking environment. 2. 1. 2 Difference between speaking and conversation Although the terms speaking and conversation whitethorn seem clear, they often shoot for misunderstood.Speaking as a skill taught at schools presents the students ability to express his or her opinions, thoughts and ideas to a particular matter . Speaking apply, which is usually ground on storytelling, giving speech or presentation, is the necessity for ulterior successful conversation. Nevertheless, the focus on speaking activities has diminished in recent years. This has been caused by many factors, specially by realizing the need of e rattlingday communication. As I mentioned above, giving speeches or presentations is not what we concentrate on in our lessons.Even though these are crucial prerequisites for later conversational practice, the teachers turn tail to focus on communicative activities as the main goal of speaking lessons. I have no objection to this, notwithstanding it is essential to mention the importance of presentations for military English learners working for the Ministry of Defence and the consequences of the lack of speaking skill time giving military presentations abroad. For this reason, it is really important for teachers to conceptualize by the utilisation of speaking and communicative activities cosmos prepared for lessons and besides the target classify of learners.Nolasco (1987, 3) mentions that being able to speak reasonably correct and even fluent English is one thing, unless being able to engage in on-going, interactive, mentally satisfying conversation is another. Conversation is much(prenominal) a natural part of our lives that many people are not conscious of what happens within it. that, conversation follows certain rules which should be obeyed in order for participants to flavor relaxed and be satisfied with it. Arthur (1987, 5) adds that the main purpose of conversation is the exchange of education among people.While communicating, our students may bring themselves in divers(prenominal) social situations playing various social spots and the main task for language teachers is to prepare them for these real situations they might infix in. This too includes leading students to baffle the ability to initiate and sustain conversation whenever it occurs. 2. 1. 3 Students motivation to participate in a speaking lesson When students learn a foreign language, they very often accumulate a lot of knowledge (grammatical rules, lists of vocabulary items), save then they find out that they cannot actually use this language to communicate when they call for to.Scrivener (2005, 147) claims that there seems to be whatever difficulty in despicable language from passive knowledge into active usage. Without experience in using the language, learners may tend to be nervous about trying to enounce things. Partly they may fear seeming foolish in front end of others, they may worry about getting things wrong they may want to avoid teachers comments or study and so on. It takes quite a long time for some students to express themselves, which leads to long gluey pauses while learners are trying to find out how to say what they really want to say.One of the best ways of helping learners to activate their knowledge is to project th em in safe situations in class where they are inspired and boost to try to speak a foreign language. Teachers should try to create much(prenominal) activities in which learners feel less worried about speaking and less under pressure. Nevertheless, the teacher is not the only one whom the students success in speaking is based on. There are also motivational factors, differing from student to student, which influence his progress in the spoken language. Harmer (1991, 4-6) distinguishes unessential and intrinsic motivation.He claims that students? locating to speaking the language may be affected by different factors from the outside, such as people in close surroundings, previous speaking experience in a foreign language or the job opportunities offered after mastering foreign language communication. All of these represent extrinsic motivation. Although extrinsic motivation is nowadays a driving force for most students, without intrinsic motivation no goal in improving the speaki ng skill could be executed. Success is also based on students? willingness to learn to speak a foreign language, which may be influenced by the teacher? methods used in teaching communication and, above all, his or her reputation. Considering these, teachers should perform how important grant they play in encouraging the students to learn to speak a foreign language. Students personalities also play an important role in determining how quickly and correctly they will manage a speaking task. Those students who are risk-takers, unafraid of making mistakes, are generally much talkative however usually make many errors. Those who are shy may take a long time to speak confidently, but when they finally manage it, their English contains fewer errors.The aim of both(prenominal) types of students is the same, indeed to use the language correctly and fluently. To achieve this goal the teachers should try as much as they can to break the silence in the classroom and get the student s speak no matter how many mistakes they make or how long it takes them to produce sentences. In order to decrease shyness while speaking in front of the unscathed class, students may be offered the opportunity to work in radicals or gibes, which is a suitable approach for enhancing the active language use. Harmer (1991, 7-9) points out different motivational factors depending on the age and level of the students.Childrens and adolescents motivation to speak a foreign language is inappropriate for the purpose of my thesis because, as mentioned above, I deal with bad English learners and their motivational needs for a foreign language communication are easily different from the others. I concentrate on intermediate students who represent the volume in my classes. Their English is good at this stage but they are motivated by a primary goal of achieving a to a greater extent advanced level of the language. They already know a lot and are able to have a conversation about every da y matters but sometimes there might occur some problems.One of them is often the feeling that they are flooded with the new complexity of the language and cannot cope with it. Teachers, when having found this out, should focus on create up the knowledge students already have and assure them they can speak the language well bounteous to understand and be understood. Ur (1991, 274-280) declares that motivation is very strongly related to achievement in language learning. This statement results from teaching practice showing that anxious(predicate) learners willing to invest effort in speaking activities are apt(predicate) to make greater progress.On the contrary, those sitting silently at the desk without desire to be involved in any kind of speaking bodily function, may find themselves stuck to be able to improve their speaking skill. Having noticed this, teachers should encourage low-motivated students to develop the inte suspire in communicative activities. Ur (1991, 281) de scribes some strategies to enhance students motivation to speak in a lesson. The principal one is selecting the topic carefully to make it as interesting for students as possible. If the teachers choice fails in the class, there should be no panic or embarrassment.The possible dissolvent to this situation may be ask the students to vote for a topic they would be interested in talking about. Varied tasks are also suggested for a successful and streamlined speaking lesson as well as using visuals to enhance students motivation to speak. Average pictures copied from different sorts of textbooks and workbooks do not encourage adult learners to speak anymore. Based on my teaching experience, adult learners prefer to be set into real situations, dealing with real and present-day(prenominal) news items concerning todays origination and society.To satisfy students expectations, teachers should be supplied with sufficient amount of authentic materials, such as newspapers and magazines. The speaking tasks could be based on describing the photos to each other and guessing the place in the world where the action has happened. Connection between the picture and reality makes it even more tempting for students to express their points of view to a particular event and, at the same time, the teachers goal is achieved as well getting students to speak and communicate with each other. 2. 1. 4 Accuracy versus fluencyAccuracy and fluency are terms characteristic for a successful and fecund conversation. Scrivener (2005, 160-162) declares that accuracy is the ability to speak correctly without making serious mistakes and therefore a greater use of instant teachers correction within a speaking practise is appropriate. On the contrary, fluency is the ability to speak confidently without irrelevant pauses or hesitation, however, often with making major(ip) mistakes. In this case, instant correction may be inappropriate and could interfere with the aims of the speaking activity . Teachers should be aware f whether their main goal in a speaking activity is accuracy or fluency and adapt their role in class eligibly. If the main aim is to get students to speak, then one way to achieve that would be reducing teacher? s contribution. It is supposed that the less he or she speaks, the more time and space it will allow the students to. If the main aim is accuracy, the teacher should concentrate on students? mistakes and devote time to their correction. heretofore important speaking without mistakes is, a promoted trend at present seems to be to lead students to a fluent conversation in every day situations.Taking this into consideration, this approach best fits the needs of today? s society which is based on fast exchanges of information. Nevertheless, it would be injudicious to qualify accuracy as less important in communication and underestimate its importance. It is also essential for the ability to speak a foreign language well. 2. 1. 5 Correcting students m istakes articulateness Activities In a fluency activity the teacher is expected to monitor the class and encourage the students to speak with minimum interfering and correction. This technique is called scaffolding.Scrivener (2005, 162) states that it is a way a competent language speaker helps a less competent one to communicate by encouraging and providing possible elements of conversation. In practice it means to encourage the weaker one by nodding, eye contact, tell the last word in order to encourage the speaker to continue, asking tag questions, etc. The aim of this encouragement is to make a student speak as much as he or she is able to. Considering a fluent activity, correcting the mistakes should be done after finishing this activity. Suggested techniques are the following ) writing the sentences used during the activity on the get along with and discussing them with the whole class b) writing foolish sentences used during the activity on the board and encouraging the students to make correction c) inventing and writing down the story that includes some errors the teacher overheard during the activity and students try to find them and correct them d) writing out 2 lists A and B each list contains ten sentences from the activity but some of them are correct, some of them incorrect. Students work in dickens groups and their task is to decide if the sentences are either correct or incorrect and why Accuracy ActivitiesIn an accuracy based activity the teacher is required to correct students? mistakes whenever possible. While practising accuracy, students become aware of their own mistakes in speaking straight away because the teacher does not wait until finishing the task. This approach is suitable while focusing on grammar mainly and enables the students to realize and correct their mistakes and also prevent their recurrence. 1. 2 COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES Every speaking lesson should be based on communicative activities which fulfil two importan t language learning needs.They encourage the learners to acquire language knowledge and prepare them for real-life language use. Achieving the outcome requires the participants to interact, which means not only speak with a person but also listen to what he or she is saying and react to it. 2. 1. 6 Importance of pair work and group work mates work and group work present ways of organizing the class while teaching speaking. The teacher? s responsibility is to choose a suitable communicative activity depending on what is going to be practised either fluency or accuracy and organize the students into pairs or groups.In some activities such as role plays and guessing games, pair work is essential. On the other hand, discussions and debates require group work and enable the students to express their opinions on a given topic within the group. After that, the spokesman of each group notifies the rest of the class about the conclusion they have reached. This may lead to a following disc ussion among groups and if the topic is amusing, the speaking lesson seems to be enjoyable for both students and the teacher, too. Advantages of pair and group workThere are many reasons for pair and group work to be used in the lessons. First of all, they provide the students with a lot more practice than working as a whole class. Students also feel more comfortable to speak to one or two people rather than the whole class and the teacher. Moreover, speaking to just a few people is closer to real-life situations. Pair and group work allows each student to work at the pace of his or her small group or pair. The teacher is no more considered the only source of information but the students learn from each other.This creates opportunities for learners? knowledge to be shared. In order to be successful, learners need to become accustomed to using English without the teacher? s permanent support. Therefore, working in pairs or groups helps them to build up their independence and confiden ce for further conversations. The advantages of pair and group work can be discernible not only from the learner? s but also the teachers point of view. It provides the teacher with more time to work with weaker students and encourage them, by participating in a role play or discussion, to communicate.Teachers can also benefit from a great availableness of different communicative activities being offered in bookshops and on the internet nowadays. The variety of materials for pair or group work speaking practice is praised by most of them and their use has turn up to be very efficient for speaking skill improvement. Slight disadvantages of pair and group work However efficient and useful pair and group work is, it may sometimes cause little problems while practising speaking. According to take off (1989, 141) the noise belongs to these obstacles the teachers have to overcome during lessons.Usually the students themselves are not disturbed by the noise, it is more noticeable to th e teacher observing pairs or groups. However, the noise created by pair and group work demonstrates learners? engagement in a speaking task and gives the teacher visual evidence of students? involvement. Considering this, the success in working in pairs or groups depends mainly on the students? and the teachers approach. another(prenominal) fact Doff (1989, 141) mentions is the difficulty to control the whole class during a communicative activity.To give up activity getting out of control, it is important to give the students clear instructions, qualify the speaking task clearly and set up a routine, so that students accept the idea of working in pairs or groups and know on the button what to do. 2. 1. 7 The role of a teacher in communicative activities The teacher is a facilitator of students? learning and as such he has many roles to fulfill. freeman (1986, 131) describes him as a manager of classroom activities. In this role, one of his major responsibilities is to set up act ivities that promote communication.During the communicative activities he acts as a consultant answering students? questions, offers advice and provides necessary language items. One of the most important roles is to make sure that students know what they are supposed to practise and note if they do it effectively. These roles are called a conductor and a monitor. Although there is a great number of various activities which may be used in speaking lessons, their use would be confusing and pointless if they would not be logically organised. Being a good organiser should be an ability possessed by every skillful teacher.Considering the facts mentioned above we can cease that the teacher? s personality in a learning process is very important not only while participating in the activity but also while monitoring the students. The teacher? s less dominant role in communicative activities offers the students the opportunity to be involved in conversation and improve their speaking skill s to be able to cope with the real-life situations. * 3 CONCLUSION In my thesis I tested to deal with speaking as one of four basic skills and bring out its importance in everyday situations.My aim was to distinguish speaking and conversation since these terms are commonly used but often get mixed up. I pointed out that conversation plays a crucial role in our lives and without it we would not be able to exchange the information and share our knowledge. I also dealt with motivation as an essential factor for language learners and classified its types extrinsic and intrinsic, with the emphasis on the teacher? s personality which influences the students? willingness to participate actively in the learning process.I mentioned native speakers as a great source for our teaching practice and exposit the ways they may encourage the students to carry on studying a foreign language. To feel confident while learning to speak a foreign language, the students are supposed to be put in a safe environment. This prevents them from embarrassement or anxiety when they are asked to express themselves. I tried to explicate this term and suggested possible ways to decrease students? concern about speaking. collectable to students? different personalities and also abilities to speak a foreign language, I dealt with pair work and group work as the ways of organizing the class.I mentioned the advantages of this kind of work, especially reducing tension in class, creating a pleasant atmosphere and building up students? independence and confidence. Pair work was evaluated as more useful since it is closer to real-life situations and dealing with them is the main aim that the students are heading for. Another area I focused on, were communicative activities and their categorization information cracking activities, discussions, role plays, simulations and guessing games. I characterized them and evaluated the interaction they offer to prepare students for real-life language use.I n connection with them, I dealt with terms accuracy and fluency and explained the importance of distinguishing them cod to teacher? s objective within the lesson. I introduced different techniques for correcting mistakes in either accuracy or fluency communicative activities and also described the roles of a teacher and requirements which he or she has to fulfil to manage the roles successfully. By means of this thesis I realized how important it is for the teacher to have a great amount of information concerning teaching speaking to be able to provide the students with efficient conversational lessons.The methodology literature I was reading through enabled me to have a look at a speaking skill from a different point of view and think about this issue more deeply. All the theoretical information I gained from this literature was used in the practical part of my thesis. Based on that, I reached several findings. One of them was realizing how important role motivation plays in the l earning process. It was proved that students? progress in speaking a foreign language depends on motivation and encouragement from their teachers.I found out that if there are no stimulating factors and the students are not motivated, it leads to boredom in class. To prevent this, entertaining communicative activities and interesting topics proved to be very useful and effective. Another fact which I found reasonable while evaluating presented activities, was distinguishing them according to the teacher? s objective. The fluency activities proved to be essential while practising fluent conversation to prepare students for the real world. On the other hand, the accuracy ctivities focused on grammar and due to them the students were given the opportunity to practise the correct use of foreign language. Since using various types of communicative activities proved very beneficial in my classes, I would like to recommend them to all teachers whose aim is to improve their students? commun icative skills. 4 Recommendation 1. Living through a situation and finding to use the language as a compelling force always helps in acquiring a sound language habit. Can be teacher of English devise such situations when it is the second or the third language to learn?.It is not laughable to find that the child even when he is at play he uses the new sounds as he hears them being used by other children in his play groups, without even knowing what each sound or word means. In a very short time he has learnt the meanings of the words by using them in the right place at the right moment. 2. Meaning of words must be allowed to be explored and they are learnt and remembered better. Equivalents, if used, often weaken the impression of the new word and thus tend to damage pupils interest in learning a language. Certain though around a great deal of difficulty stimulators learning.It must be guaranteed that the living personality of the teacher makes use of new word in all kinds of contex ts and situations. 3. The proper plan is to adopt new sounds, words and coordinate patterns into well designed extend which ensures gradual yet through repetition so that correct forms, construction are established in the mental habits of the pupils. Pupils should not have a free choice of grammatical form and structure. * * * * * * * * * * 5 References 1. Harmer, J. (1991). The practice of english language teaching. EssexLongman, 296p. , ISBN0-582- 046564 1. Scrivener, J. (2005).Learning teaching. OxfordMacmillan Publishers Lim, 431p. , ISBN1- 4050- 1399- 0 2. Ur, P. (1991). A course in language teaching. CambridgeCambridge University Press, 375p. , ISBN0-521-44994-4 3. Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach speaking. EssexPearson Education Limited, 156p. , ISBN0-582-85359-1 4. Littlewood, W. (1994). Communicative language teaching. CambridgeCambridge University Press, 108p. , ISBN0-521-28154-7 5. Celce, M. M. (2001). Teaching english as a second or foreign language. capital of Mass achusettsHeinleHeinle, 584p. , ISBN0-8384-1992-5 6. Ladousse, G. (1987). Role play.Oxford Oxford University Press, 182p. , ISBN 0-1943-7095 7. Doff, A. (1989). Teaching english. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 286p. , ISBN 0-521-348641 8. Freeman, D. (1986). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford Oxford University Press, 142p. , ISBN 0-1943-4133 9. Nolasco, R Arthur, L. (1987). Conversation. Oxford Oxford University Press, 150p. , ISBN 0-19-437096-8 10. Hadfield, J. (1990). Intermediate communication games. Essex Jill Hadfield, 105p. , ISBN 0-17-555872-8

Wednesday, January 16, 2019

9th Amendment

History of the 9th Amendment The 9th Amendment reads The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage new(prenominal)s retained by the mickle. In other words, people retain more rights than the ones listed in the Constitution. The 9th amendment is one the least referred to Amendments in decisions of the Supreme Court. People also say it is one of the most confusing, controversial and misunderstood Amendments to the Constitution.The 9th Amendment has an interesting background. When the Constitution was written by the Constitutional throng and submitted to the States for ratification, many began to argue that the Constitution did not protect the basic inherent rights of the citizens. The Anti-Federalist Party (Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and George Mason) claimed that unless certain rights were written down in a calling card of Rights, the governing body would take over these rights and abuse people.Meanwhile, people in the Federalist Party, including George Washington, fundament Adams, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, believed that the Constitution didnt give the government the authority to do anything that wasnt stated in it. Therefore, they concluded that the mensuration of Rights was not only unnecessary, but even potentially dangerous.They believed that if specific rights were listed to be protected from government involvement, people would get the idea that the government controlled the rights that were excluded. ulterior hearing both sides of the line of credit, James Madison took a stand and essay coming up with a resolution to the problem even though he agreed more with the Federalists. On June 8, 1789, he brought up to sexual relation a list of his own suggested amendments to Congress.Among one of the Amendments, was a solution that was later called the 9th Amendment. His solution was worded like this The exceptions here or elsewhere in the constitution, make in favor of particul ar rights, shall not be so construed as to diminish the just importance of other rights retained by the people or as to enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution but every as actual limitations of such powers, or as inserted merely for great caution.The Congress accepted James Madisons solution, but not without some final touches before it was added to the Constitution. Congress simplified the wording so that it could be understood better by the people. In the end, the Anti-Federalists won the argument and the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. Works Cited 9th Amendment to the US Constitution. 9th Amendment. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. . 2. Farber, Daniel A. The Silent Ninth Amendment Gives Americans Rights They Dont Know They Have. Home. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. .

Tuesday, January 15, 2019

Although Gimpel Appeared to Be a Fool, He Is a Man of Wisdom Essay

Although Gimpel appe bed to be a fuck off, he was re whollyy a advised patch. Gimpel the fool through clever characterization, underlying symbolism, and an in-depth point of view, the short figment Gimpel the Fool, written by Isaac Bashevis vocalizer, clearly reinforces the age-old concept that repentance, on with broad(a) deeds, will ultimately be rewarded in time. Gimpels whole-hearted insofar gullible characterization weaves an important pattern in the storys meaning. Gimpel the Fool is a story of laughter and sadness. Gimpel was a boy that had a reputation of being a fool since his early age. People were forever playing tricks at him. Although Gimpel appeared to be a fool, he was re tot eachyy a wise man. He showed he was a wise man by loving the children that were non his, being a believer in his righteousness and by non taking advice from the Devil. There are many ship mood in which Gimpel appeared to be a fool. First the young men of the resolution spent a great deal of time reservation merriment of poor Gimpel.It appeared that he was adoptn in by their stories to an extreme degree. veritable(a) as he went just about his employment in the bakery, the towns stack go on to tell Gimpel fantastic tales that became more and more fantastic. An use of people making fun of him was the following Gimpel, there is a fair in nirvana Gimpel, the rabbi gave birth to a calf in the seventh month Gimpel, a cow flew over the roof and laid brass eggs. Gimpel, while you theme here scraping with your bakers shovel the Messiah has come. The remnant heaven arisen. What do you mean? Gimpel verbalize. I heard no single blowing the rams horn The kid give tongue to. Are you deaf? And all began to cry, We heard it, we heard Gimpel, your father and mother have stood up from the grave. They are looking for you (Singer 79). Because Gimpel believed e verything that either adept told him he became the foolish boy of the town. The reason why Gimpel believed wh at people told him was that all of these stories were kind of real to him.Each story of each soul would reveal any want and desires that they might have in their person. That was why the story was so easily to invent. The worst trick that the townspeople did to him was the marriage to Elka. Elka was the towns slut. She already had a child that she utter was her brother. Gimpel, being the fool that every unitary knew, believed every word that she said. Then Gimpel marries Elka without knowing all her real story. Even though the people of the town knew the truth no one told him anything. In addition, on their wedding day a guy cable brought a crib because Elka was pregnant with several(prenominal) other child from another man that was not Gimpel. When they started living together Elka did not allow Gimpel to use the selfsame(prenominal) bed with her. After four month, Elka appears with another baby. She tells Gimpel that the baby was premature. Then Gimpel tells her Is he not a little too premature. However the thing was that Gimpel neer slept with her so he must not have how babies were formed (Singer 82).another(prenominal) thing was that Elka was alship canal with other men instead of Gimpel. At one time Gimpel caught her with another man, but she denied everything. Elka swore and cursed him. But he act with her even though she was not unwavering to him. In many ways Gimpel was a wise man. The love of the children was very important to Gimpel. He constantly thought that there were his. When Elka became sick she told Gimpel the truth that the kids were not his and she was never faithful to Gimpel (Geimer850-851). This was Gimpels reaction What is there to forgive? You have been a neat and faithful wife. Woe, Gimpel She said. It was ugly how I shopd you all these years. I want to go clean to my Maker, and so I have to tell you that the children are not yours. After he knew that the children were not his, he did not disown them.He continued to treat them the same. When he went to retire he took just about of his funds out of the bank and divided the money in to equal split for each one of them (Singer 86-87). Furthermore Gimpels Religion beliefs are very strong. He was Jewish and his beliefs in the religion did not let him be a bad person. Even when he knew the truth of him being mocked by other, Gimpel does not care. The unaccompanied thing he does is forgive everyone and continue his life. An example of this occurs when Gimpel find Elka with another man and he goes to the rabbi to tell him what happened I said to the rabbi, What shall I do? You must divorce her at once, said he. And what if she refuses? I asked. He said, You must serve the divorce, that is all youll have to do. I said, Well, all right, Rabbi. Let me think about it.There is nothing to think about, said he. You must not remain under the same roof with her. This shows that he was a religious person, because he went directly to the rabbi did not go to anyone else. Because he was the fool, everyone knew he does not get upset and he forgave Elka and he dropped the charges that he made of her cheating on him. He said that he cut a shadow and he was wrong about Elka being with another man (Singer 83-85). Gimpel shows his wisdom, too by rejecting the devils influence.At the pole Gimpel gets a visit from the devil, and this is what happened Devil Gimpel, why do you sleep? Gimpel What should I be doing? Eating replace? Devil The whole population deceives you, and you ought to deceive the world in your turn. Gimpel How can I deceive all the world? Devil You might accumulate a bucket of urine every day and at night pour it into the dough. Let the sages of Frampol eat filth. Gimpel What about judgment in the world to come? Devil They have change you a bill of goods and talked you into believing you carried a cat in your belly.What frillGimpel Well then, and is there a God?Devil There is no God either.Gimpel What, is here, then?Devil A thick mere.Then one night Elka appeared in Gimpels dream. She told him to do not do that, because the save person he was deceiving was himself. After all he did not take any advice from the devil (Singer 87).The story Gimpel the Fool was a wonderful and dry story. This story presents a humorous psychological study as come up as an analysis of the nature of reality. This kind of story can only be done by a Jewish writer. For Singer people do not have to be insane to beat this kind of story. From the beginning, Gimpel was not sure why people treated him ilk a fool. His apparent foolishness consists in his taking the line of least(prenominal) resistance to avoid the world around him. The people around him more often than not created the world that Gimpel lives. Gimpel the intelligent or sainted fool was an invention of Yiddish fiction. The way that Singer showed this character was in a different way that concludes that Gimpel was a creation of irony in way (Siegel 365). In conclusion Gimpel was a saint, he looked and acted like a fool because of his innocence.He showed that his foolishness was wisdom and because of his good heart he never let anyone suffer not even himself. The rejection of the devil showed his beliefs in God and the possession of a good and understanding heart. Forgiving everyone of what they did to him was a wise thing to do. Here on earth it does not matter much if you are a fool like Gimpel who forgives and forgets it only means that people can pick on you and make fun of you. However, in Gods view it is the most important and amazing thing to do. Gimpel himself showed everyone that being a fool has some benefits.

Family Members’ Perceptions of the Quality of Long-Term Care Essay

This is a journal study that primarily assesses the varied reactions of several family members towards the considerable-term care given to patients through and through special wellness care cases. In terms of social healthcare matters, this journal aims to instal how more than the nursing practice works for the patients in a long span of time. Through scaling the process itself along with the measurement of the competence of the nurses working with the program, the implications of the long-term care applications has been examined well by the authors of the research. The methodology that has been employ made this research a primary validated account for besides studies in connection with nursing practices.IT is through this journal that the researchers were able to insinuate out the role of nurses in the society as well as within families who are caring for sick members. The ease that is brought about by the long-term care programs handed in service by nurses serves much on th e part of the family ties of the individuals directly affected by the application of the give tongue to medical process. Undeniably, it is through this process that the nursing practice is further proved both effective and efficient in implying social growth among families through health.

Monday, January 14, 2019

Studying in Group at High School in Beijing: a Survey

coachinging in congregation at high rail in Beijing A field ??? LV YUJIA Louisa Student Number 09010022 Name of the Lecturer Edwin Baak date stamp 12/26/2011 Renda B 09 Ac distinguishledgements Thanks for my friends Zhao Shanshan and Hu Surui helping finish the interrogation c wholly into incredulitynaire to coachchilds. I am rattling grateful to instructor Mr. Baak to his useful direction to write this paper. Table of Contents Abstract. 3 1. Introduction.. . 5 1. Background.. . 5 2. Statement of the problem. 7 1. Review of the belles-lettres.. 2. normal and pacement used. 10 3. Results.. 11 4. Discussions. .. 12 5. Conclusions. .. 13 6. Recommendations. 14 1. Re await recommendations.. .. 14 2. Issued-related recommendations. 14 References 15 Appendix A.. 17 The Abstract Nowadays, with the speeding up of world economy, the world is adequate sm in aller and smaller, so that the competition among people from polar ountries is becoming approximate, which is the mot if to promote people to meditate hard so as to stick up in the competitive world. People al ship guidance try to find the sufficient reflect methods to upgrade the candidness. Either analyze in a sortinging or driveing al sensation is the bettor bearing has caused public dig. close to people hold that thither is no denying that procureing in a base exerts positive impact on umteen aspects. First and fore most(prenominal), discovering in a group, the principal methods in many schools, is beneficial to vernacular earning, which leave enhance bookmans communication abilities.Besides, the efficiency of solving problems allow foring by all odds be improved, for they lav stick by help from partners. Last but non least, Student nooky field of force well(p) when he is depicted objecting with a group of students because he brush off put down wide ideas from opposites which he dont cognise and to a greater extent(prenominal) over he allow for not feel practise while he is correctioning. If he got any doubts while domaining, he advise clarify the doubts immediately. Other people strongly claim that there ar many students who sustain got great achievements by field of battleing al unmatchable insistence that independent plain is feasible and more effective. To put it an new(prenominal) trend, adept substructure scan with prohibited any disturbance.While studying only when he cant crap safe(p) ideas. If he got any doubt, it cannot be clarify by his own. whence it allow for be time waste for him. For example, while he is studying alone if the subject is not interest to him, his mind may get divert from the subject and concentration pull up stakes be lost. First, I will go to the school to do a survey or so study in the naval division. Second, the questionnaire billic is probably ab bring out do you destine study in group? And, which way is bust for you? Is studying in group or studying alone? Third, I would s upplicate near questions to some p atomic number 18nts and teachers.Key word life-threatening way to study, group study, study alone, high school, duration tuition, one-on-one enlightening 1. Introduction 1. Background In the 21st century, most of the family has an provided boor out of the police in china. Such a pincer is an apple in the eyes in a family. It is every parents longing to give their children the outmatch start in life, they would exchangeable to search a exceed way to their children and get a great education. Almost all students were tutored by one-on-one. And some students boast an experience of blank education. At the equivalent time, the traditional educational means confronts a huge challenge.Some parents support their child study alone because of they believe that it is a good way to centralise on his or her study. Currently there has been a fierce debate over whether students should go to school study in group or study alone at house. Views on the hot issue transfigure greatly. Advocates of studying alone hold the benefits of students are well documented. Students who study at home by themselves are often described as more confident, independent and worldly wise than schools student counterpart. Because of they inquire to independently deal more books and webpage to look for more information.Moreover, there are many slipway to acquire k todayledge, such as distance learning, one-on-one class and currently on. Students can study a good way to study consort to disparate situation. Worst of all, reports are often heard that some students perpetrate suicide or murdered their roommates. So that, some people spot to study alone and even gave up the opportunity of go to school due to severe pressure from the student will be comparison with other(a)s. On the other hand, innovative as distance-learning technology may be, it can supersede classrooms altogether. True education should not be confined to the sales pit ch of information.It should involve the cultivation of effective learning habits, the development of group dis variety skills and the encouragement of collaboration as well, which we cannot find in online course. More importantly, campus-based education tend to foster a mentoring partnership mingled with educators and learners while in reality, distance education rarely helps to establish a mentoring relationship between the faculty members and the students, due to the long physical distance. Amid these people who wipe out argued in study ways the high students take up quite adult proportion.According to a net of education, at least half of high schools students go through tutoring alone. And most students parents willing to worn-out(a) cash on study alone. Thus if you necessitate to look into the good way to study, you must revolve around on high school students. There are many footings to fill the students of high school as moveents. Firstly, students have more experie nce than other school of basic education. Secondly, there is bitter competition for student. As is well know the college entrance exam is a real challenge to students, students want to do their best to meet the challenge.Thus they will deal a good way to study at any cost. Finally, and above all, the competition is fierce and the nine-hour test is offered just once a year and is the sole epitope for admission to virtually all Chinese colleges and universities. Moreover, the college entrance examination is seen as potentially life-changing. If you enter a university through the exam, your life career and future day life will be decide. Everyone attaches great importance to this exam. In new-fashioned years, the field of education becomes a hot industry. Meanwhile, more and more problems go forth in education.For school study, they always make a ranking and everyone can see the results of other students to see all the students of all grade rankings. This measure will undoubtedly bring them great pressure to study, even make a motion health and life. We often enjoin the discussion student suicides of form the news paper. However, student is more confidence who study alone at home. They can get the tutoring which is face-to-face. It is a very good and effective way of learning. and it is not a good way to good communication skills and has team work spirit. 2. Statement of the problem Each one has its own superiority.During the look intoing course, I try to analyze and study to this problem from different point of view. I research many different questions, such as which ways of study of you like, do you think some problem exist in study in a group, how long you will study at home everyday and soon on. I survey this question due to we imply know whether students more efficient who study alone, whether more and more student dont like study at school, whether there are some problems exist in tradition education, whether study alone is better than studying i n a group, whether parent sand teachers of students support to study alone and so on. . Review of literature According to this literature, there are other factors affect students. Its action cannot small inspect. Firstly, its important to authorize your time productively. Students read to make a clearly plans and schedule, meanwhile, they should to learn the top student has no intrusions on study time. Secondly, every student should attempt out a method of learning which is suit to him/her. They cannot copy other peoples ways due to the different level of different students.Finally, if you dont have any interesting in study and even dont know why you need to study, you cannot get a high score even if you stand in a good group or have a good tutor. They need improve their skill and have fun. Indeed, study skills are not the most important things. But there are the bases of study. When you finish it, the environment will become more important. To be sure, people are different. Ever yone should to choose a way which is adapt to him or her to study. For this literature, we know that there are main ways to study. unmatched of this is belong to studying in a group and others are belonging to study alone.They are group study, one-on-one tutoring and distance education. base study is benefit to establish the confidence of students. It can considerably build team spirit among classmate. If you are one member of a group, you will be watching by other members in the group. You will have to try harder due to you wanting to more successful and getting the credit for. Moreover, a group likes a piece. Everyone will do their best to help you when your stand in the same group. Solving problem will become easier, because youre not alone, and there is strength in numbers At the same time, a problem exists in the group.A member of group in charge of a part so that they cannot understand the whole of one topic which is his or her group researched. If you study alone, you ne ed do anything by yourself. It is a better way to acquire new knowledge and research questions. The tutoring of one-on-one is benefit to everyone due to the pertinence of student. When you distract to some things, you will not worry didnt hear what the teacher was saying. If you could not compass the simplest problems, you could ask your tutor and do not worries to be laughed by other classmate. And teacher will follow you and choose the best way and important course to you.However, we cannot overlook the disadvantage of this way. First, if you choose tutoring of one-on-one, you will lose the power of activities with other classmates. I maybe feel tired and boring for study alone. Second, it is not blue to find out a textbook to adapt you. Third, you do not know the level of tutoring teacher. You maybe cannot meet a teacher which tutor is suit to you. Distance education has the advantage of low-cost and painless to hold on time. Students can study on anywhere and any time. contr ast with one-on-one tutor is a good way to save money and get pointed comments on study.But it still has some problems. First, there are a lot of tutor from 3rd world due to they want to save money. They do not know the system of your country and cannot give you a good idea of study. Moreover, sometimes we cannot meet the on-line tutor to know about program line level. Lastly, teaching on-line is not a good way to communication with teacher. Because the internet is not very st magnate, the speed is very slow. Sometimes we will loss some information due to the latency. If you can learning of face-to-face, you can use the body language explain your mind. 3. Design and Measurements usedThere are tether kinds of people are relative to this survey. They are parents, teachers and students. Thus, the questionnaire includes three aspect questions to different people. However, the high school students who will accept more in-depth questions as the main respondents. The questionnaire consis ts mainly of three parts. In the first place, the question is about the basic information of all participants. And, the participants will be musical arrangement to different groups according to the basic information. For example, girls and boys will have different survival of the fittest when they face to some things.If students can choose the school, girls maybe focus on school uniform which schools is more beautiful and boys will be attracts to excellent sporting facilities. In the second place, the question is about the extant problems and advantage. Such as, what problem you face in study in a group or study alone. This part will be conducive to we find out the problem in the two ways and help us solve current problems more correctly to choose a good way to study. Finally, the investigations are focus on the expectantly things. Such as, which ways you want to add in your study process.We need know which ways of study of people like in further and therefore further research. 4. Result The survey shows that there are lxx percent students choose studying in a group is a good way to study. There are two actors Two-thirds of this people gave reason is that they cannot make a good plan and control themselves. One-thirds of this people gave the reason is that they can make new friend and have activities with others. But sixty percent of these persons have experience to study alone by one-on-one tutoring. And nearly ninety people would like to try to study alone in future.Students who support study alone are a good way to study about thirty percent. Most people think that it is a great help for my quick improving the score. However, nine out of ten people claim that it is a method to help study but it is the main way to study. One ninth of the students choose to get the tutor by one-on-on due to they need to be target. A one-tenth of the students choose the on-line tutoring. They believe that it can save money and easy to control the teaching time. The last part is about the parents and teachers of students. Almost all parents and teachers support study in a group.But they always believe that if their children and students would like to improve the level of student they will to encourage these students. 5. Conclusion My question is that what is better way to study? It can be found there are many ways to study. Firstly, study skills are important whatever you studying in a group or study alone. Secondly, the research show that most people think group study is better to study. Lastly, studying alone only as the assistant study method. However, some students are favor to study alone who are an average student or a poor student.They believe that they can get the effective guidance from the one-on-one tutoring. Other students are support studying in a group who are top student. They claim that it is unnecessary spent to a private teacher. For teachers and parents, they have the same viewpoint. fill alone is a way to help student to improv e themselves, but it is not the best way to study. If the student can understand the knowledge in the class, study alone is not necessary. 6. Discussion The survey only includes the high school student, and only search the answer form my brothers class.The class only have 60 members is not enough to a prefect research. For the company of teacher and parents, the research is more imperfection due to small group in search. So the study is no authoritative answer to these questions. And there also have some problem in this research. For example, there have many ways to study, such as, study in a teaching center, study by yourself and soon on. But I only search the study in group. And the way of study alone also has many ways. This paper only aim to a small group who study in high school. Actually, there has a small group study alone now.All in all, the survey has its limitation. pic 7. Recommendations 1. Research recommendation Firstly, you need to read a lot of articles what you want to research. Because this can help you gain a main idea of the field. Meanwhile, you will get the different perspectives from different authors. Moreover, making notes is also important to search a problem. Due to we need to understand what the articles say. It is not only to copy it. Next, most information is coming from the profit which is not regular compare with other academic books. We should go to the library to find information.Lastly but not least, the investigator needs to search from different groups in a particular community and different level. One palm people is different to other fields. 2. Issue-related recommendations First of all, the people should focus on a variety of ways to ask questions. For example, Likert scale guarantees a survey to including the overall aspects of the problem which is very useful. We can ensure that the length of the questionnaire, which respond may a few time. And, there has a easy way to ask questions of the model. Another example is AP A style, it is also a good way to sure where the literature.It not only useful to writer to found out more point, but also telling the reader where the point from. It is a good way to make you researcher more regular and have authority. References * Brain Stocker How To Study Alone, August 26, 2008 from http//www. test-preparation. ca/study-center/how-to-study-alone/ * Francois Betim, Reference and Education print December 9, 2008 How to Study Alone and Pass Exams, from * Dr. Bob Kizlik,(1997) Effective Study Skills. How to Study and Make the Most of Your Time September 19, 1997,from http//www. adprima. com/studyout. htm * Wikipedia contributor(2011) Distance education, from http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Distance_education * Tutorfi(2009), Benefits of One on One Online Tutoring Specialized Teaching Methodology. From http//www. tutorfi. com/OnlineTutoringDefined/oneononeonlinetutoring * Merryjazz(2006),The Advantages and Disadvantages of Study Groups, From http//www. studyskillsblog . com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-study-groups/ * Grace Fleming(2009), Would Group Study Improve Your Grades? About. com Guide, from http//homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/study. htm * Bruno Linhares(2005), Distance education or distance learning, from http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Distance_education * Anton Lebedev(2011), The Disadvantages of Online Tutoring, from http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-TutoringHYPERLINK http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&038id=4781285 http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&038id=4781285&8243id=4781285 * Guestbook(2001), Group Tutoring vs. One-on-One Tutoring, from http//www. squidoo. com/group-tutoring-vs-one-on-one-tutoring Appendix A Questionnaires What is the better way to study? 1. Tick your gender group. Please choose only one of the following ?Male ? Female 2. Tick an age group. Please choose only one of the following ? 16-19 ? 20-23 ? 24-27 ? 28+ If none o f these, please affirm what you think here__________ 3. Please take your grade in school or your child(or students) in? ?G1-G6 ? G7-G9 ? G10-G11 ? G12 or over 4. Tick where do you study now ?School ? Home ? Others 5. Tick you get good grades in school ?Great ? General ? Lower-middle ? Bad If you like you can write you score__________ 6. Do you think the academic environment is important? ?Yes ? No ? Doesnt publication . Which is better way for you or child? ?Studying in a group ? Studying alone 8. Do you please a tutor of one-on-one? ?Yes ? No ? Never 9. Could you listen attentively and carefully in class? ?Yes ? No ? Most ? less 10. Do you want to study alone? ?Yes ? No 11. Are you always discussed the problem with your classmate? ?Yes ? No ? Sometimes ? Never 12. What would you like to do at home? ?Study ? Play ? Housework ? others 13. Do you think the distance education is a good way to study? ?Yes ? No 14.How many hours did you have for learning everyday? ?1-4hours 4-8hours ? 8hours or over 15. Are you always reviewing your lessons carefully afterward going back home? ?yes ? no ? sometimes 16. Do you have the initiative for learning? ?Active learning ? buns finish ? Can not finish 17. Do you have confident in your ability? ?Yes ? No 18. Do you always attend the discussion in the group? ? unceasingly ? Sometimes ? Never 19. For study, do you to send from your classmate? ?Always ? electric toys ? camera ? other 20. Do you have a good plan for study?