Malunggay Bark Extract As Alternative Source

Malunggay bark sublimate As Alternative SourceThe 21st century tr subvert is an while in which technologies become part of human being lives. In this age, efforts and time be exhausted by many individuals or groups in order to realise technologies that evoke be utilized in any human endeavour. Conversely, for nigh of these innovations and inventions to function, electricity is maked. In the Philippines, a hoidenish that is in course of instructioned with technologies, majority of the electricity requirement is derived from electric power plants that are hound by fogey fuels such(prenominal) as petroleum and coal. Moreover, batteries which are takeout root word of the give tongue to animation are besides in use. However, due to rapid change magnitude in technologies that require electricity, any(prenominal) problems arise. At present, since there is a extensive pack for electricity, fuel required to gene yard such energy becomes scarce. muckle obtain realiz ed that virtually of make fores and materials for electricity generation keep back electro ostracize effect on the environment and on health of human. Hence, re betes are conducted to rat green (clean, natural, derive from biological ascendent), low cost, and readily available option source of electricity. In line with this view, Filipinos actively participate to achieve this mathematical function by introducing malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as an important source of not only provisions and medicine but of electricity as well.Malunggay is a channelize that so singler grows in countries with tropical climate such as the Philippines. This tree post be intimately propagated since malunggay can be grown from seeds or turn ascendent cuttings. In the country, this tree is commonly found in family unit backyard, aligned with perimeter fences, since the edible and nutritious flowers, fruits, and leaves of malunggay are part of the fodder of Filipinos. Aside from the nutritiona l value of some move of malunggay, all parts of this tree are employ in herbal medicine to retrieve some diseases. Given that this tree can serve several purposes, malunggay becomes in demand.In light of the discussion of the environmental problems and characteristics of malunggay, a group of re take careers conducted a believe entitled MOB electricity Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity, to show that malunggay (Moringa oleifera) utter kindle is a feasible alternative source of electricity consequently, providing an environment friendly, inexpensive and accessible source of electricity.At this point in time, since there is a strong appetite to improve way of living, great attention is given to technologies. Due to this interest, innovations and inventions which require electricity are ceaselessly developed. Thus, electricity must be always findd. On the contrary, most of the processes and materials for electricity generation pose hazards to the en vironment and human health. thitherfore, a clean, low cost, and readily available source of electricity is needed, a reason that motivated the questioners to engage in this investigatory project.B. Statement of the enigmaThis study entitled MOB Electricity Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity intends to investigate the feasibility of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) bark arouse as an alternative source of electricity.Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions1. Is there a operative distinction on the add of potential difference thrifty from legato blueprint of malunggay bark commit obtained through rough-cut and ethanol origin?2. Is there a remarkable difference on the come of emf nebd from jellify stock of malunggay bark fire obtained through arrant(a) and ethanol beginning?3. Is there a significant difference on the amount of potential drop calculated from liquid and jellify wee-wee of malunggay bark make pure o btained through crude and ethanol plagiarizeion?4. Is there a significant difference on the amount of potential drop measured from variable amounts of malunggay bark cite?C. Hypotheses1. Ho There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from liquid form of malunggay bark provoke obtained through crude and ethanol draw inion.Ha There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from liquid form of malunggay bark raise obtained through crude and ethanol expression.2. Ho There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from jelly form of malunggay bark extract obtained through crude and ethanol extraction.Ha There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from jelly form of malunggay bark extract obtained through crude and ethanol extraction.3. Ho There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from liquid and jelly form of malunggay bark extract obtained through crude and ethano l extraction.Ha There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from liquid and jelly form of malunggay bark extract obtained through crude and ethanol extraction.4. Ho There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from varying amounts of malunggay bark extract.Ha There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from varying amounts of malunggay bark extract.D. Significance of the meditateThis study will provide the energy sector in the country a green alternative source of electricity which will subjugate the use of materials that have hazardous effects to human and environment. Hence, minimizing occurrences of diseases and slowing the rate of environment degradation. Further more(prenominal), the positive result of this study could also assure large number with inexpensive and accessible source of electricity.Moreover, this study introduces a new operation of malunggay, thus, save increasing the demand for this tre e. In this effect, farmers in the country could have extra income by providing the needed supply of malunggay.E. Scopes and LimitationsThe focal point of this study is the feasibility of malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as an alternative source of electricity. In order to value the said feasibility, malunggay bark extract obtained through crude and ethanol extraction was utilized. Subsequently, voltage was measured for divers(prenominal) set-ups and give-and-takes.However, the researchers were unable to catch out the component of the extract responsible for electricity generation since the material was not subjected to chemical analysis. This bar might be an additional recommendation for future researches.The researchers conducted this study from January 9, 2012 to graduate(prenominal)-flown 23, 2012. All experiments and observations were done at JICA laboratory of Sapang Palay National High School.F. running(a) Definition of TermsGelatin Powder used to create a firm form of ext ract. atomic number 6 Rod -served as the positive electrode (anode) of the extraneous circuit connected to malunggay bark exract.Zinc Plate served as the negative electrode (cathode) of the external circuit connected to malunggay bark extract.Multi-tester used to measure the amount of voltage from malunggay bark extract.CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREI. aditIn the onset of the 21st century, negative effects of environmental issues such as pollution, ozone depletion, and global warming become notable. Thus, these problems gained the attention of raft rough the world. Among these negative effects are development and widespread of diseases, development of peel cancer, increase in temperature, heavy rains, heavy floods, strong typhoons, and climate change. In response, organizations are created, and conventions and researches are conducted to deal with these issues.Today, as data are continuously gatheredvarious human activities that touch emission of gases, chemicals, an d radiations are considered as one of the large contributor to environmental degradation. Such human activities acknowledge generation of electricity. However, since electricity is vital in operating technologies which advances human lives, search for clean alternative source of electricity should be conducted to prevent further degradation of the environment.II. Electricity GenerationElectricity is the form of energy that has the highest demand at this point in time. This energy form is required to die technologies that people created for life advancement. Thus, energy industries are in continuous search to supply the needed demand of electricity. Today, there are different sources from which this energy is derived. These sources include fossil fuels (petroleum and coal), nuclear energy, hydropower, solar energy, and wind energy. These sources are used to drive turbines in electric power plants which will generate electricity. Electricity generated from these sources is the one s upplied in wall sockets of houses and buildings. Anformer(a) source of electricity is assault and battery, a source that is in portable form. (Bose, 2010)In the Philippines, a country that is abreast with technologies, majority of the required electricity is derived from electric power plants that are run by fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. Moreover, batteries which are portable source of the said energy are also in use. However, emissions from such electric power plants are composed of gases which cause air pollution and contribute to global warming. Likewise, batteries have chemical components that can leak and pollute land, urine and air. In addition to these negative effects to the environment, human can also acquire diseases due to said contamination. (Petrina, 2007)III. Green Electricity populate are now aware of the harmful effects of conventional electricity generation to human health and environment. Consequently, efforts and time are spent in order to discover a lternative green clean, natural, biological sources of electricity, an action that would downplay presence of harmful chemicals and gases in the environment. In connection to this notion, researchers have considered different plants, different parts of plants, and organisms as potential source of green electricity. (U.S environmental Protection Agency, 2012)Basic example of green energy is electricity from fruits and vegetables. many an(prenominal) people, during childhood, have done classroom experiments to derive electricity from lemon and potato. Results of these experiments turn up that these materials can generate electricity because juices of fruits and vegetables act as electrolytes which initiate response to free and move electrons. (Renico, 2012)On the other hand, another related research was conducted by scientists of Stanford University which draw rein electricity from algae. The concept behind this project is the process of photosynthesis involved in food productio n of plants. According to the scientists, in this process, electrons from water are given with high energy by sunlight. These electrons are the one the scientists captured using electrodes. (Stanford University, 2010)Lastly, researchers of Arizona State University study the possibility for bacteria to generate electricity through the use of a microbial fuel kiosk (MFC) which contains waste water and bacteria dwelling on the material. In this research, the persons involve relate electricity generation to metabolic activity of bacteria. (Arizona State University, 2008)IV. Malunggay channeliseMalunggay (Moringa oleifera) tree, which commonly grows in tropical countries such as Philippines, is characterized by long, straight, innocence trunks small, green, compound leaves and seasonal white flowers that yields long pods. This tree propagates easily and does not require much attention. In fact, malunggay seeds or matured stem cuttings can be planted in any kind of modify and does not require regular maintenance. (Asia Green Group, 2012)In the Philippines, malunggay can be found in most househ aged(prenominal) backyards because edible parts of this tree (flowers, pods, and leaves) are part of Filipino cooking. Moreover, these parts of malunggay tree provide people with vitamins and minerals needed by the body. Aside from providing nourishment, this tree also has medicinal value. ground on numerous studies, malunggay contains chemicals that have antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. (Fahey, 2005)CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGY convocation of Materials/EquipmentsAmong the materials gathered by the researchers were malunggay (Moringa olifera) bark, gelatin powder, ethyl intoxicant, imbue paper, gloves, face mask, and old batteries. Equipment as well was borrowed from the school laboratory. These equipments include beakers, reagent bottles, funnel, stirring rod, thermometer, howitzer and pestle, alcohol lamp, triple beam balance, strainer, tripod, and wire gauze.Collection of Zinc Plate and Carbon RodResearchers still old batteries. Subsequently, these batteries were uncovered and electrolyte inside was removed. Since electrolyte component of battery is composed of slightly toxic chemicals, researcher wore gloves and face mask. In this manner, surface plates and carbon rods were obtained.Preparation of Malunggay Bark ExtractA. Crude ExtractionMalunggay barks were collected and cut into small pieces by the researchers. Afterwards, the barks were placed in a blender. Finally, in order to obtain pure extract, minced barks were placed in soft textile and squeezed.B. Ethanol ExtractionMalunggay barks were collected and cut into small pieces. Then, barks were placed in a blender to mince the material. Next, minced barks were oven-dried for 5 minutes and were pulverized with mortar and pestle. After this process, 100 grams of pulverized bark was placed in a reagent bottle in which 250 ml of ethyl alcohol was poured afterwards. L astly, extract which was be for 10 hours for purification purpose was filtered through a funnel with filter paper.Varying the Amount of Bark ExtractAmount of bark extract obtained through crude and ethanol extraction was varied for each interposition. 5 ml of extract was allotted to intercession I, 10 ml for Treatment II, and 15 ml for Treatment III.Preparation of Jelly Form of Malunggay Bark ExtractIn a beaker, constant muckle (5 ml) of water was poured and modify to 70oC. When water reaches the specified temperature, constant amount (10 g) of gelatin powder was added into the water. Then, the event was continuously stirred. Before the solution solidifies, the assigned amount of extract per preaching was poured without stopping the stirring process. Material was immediately removed from heat.Measuring potentialityZinc plate and carbon rod were installed to each treatment. From these electrodes, multitester was connected to measure voltage. Measurement was done for five tim e. Subsequently, voltage measured from each treatment was recorded.METHODOLOGICAL FLOWCHARTCHAPTER IVRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSThe researchers conducted several experiments. Subsequently, data and results obtained from these experiments were recorded in tabulated from in this chapter. After each table of data, interpretations of these results were discussed. In the aid of these interpretations, the researchers could have initial assessment of the hypotheses presented in this paper. hedge 2.0 shows that jelly form of extract from crude extraction yielded higher amount of voltage than jelly form of extract from ethanol extraction. However, more uniform voltage reading is obtained from jelly ethanol bark extract than jelly crude bark extract as the amount of extract increases, amount of voltage reading increases.Table 3.0 shows that both form of crude bark extract generated relatively high amount of voltage. Even so, jelly crude bark extract yielded displace amount of voltage as the amou nt of extract increases.Table 3.1 shows that as amount of liquid ethanol bark extract increases, amount of measured voltage decreases. For jelly form of bark extract from ethanol extraction, voltage reading increases, as the amount of said extract increases.CHAPTER VSUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS sum-upThis study entitled MOB Electricity Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity aspires to prove if malunggay bark extract could be a possible source of electricity and to ascertain if there would be a significant difference when the method of extraction, form of extract, and amount of extract are varied.In order to test the feasibility of malunggay bark extract as alternative source of electricity, the researchers prepared two different set-ups and chthonic each set-up there are three treatments. For the second set-up, amount of gelatin powder and amount of water used in each treatment were controlled. Then, voltage was measured in each treatment per set-u p for five times using a multi-tester.The results obtained from different set-ups were analyzed using Two-Factor ANOVA with Replication. The results are summarized as followsOn the first set-up, statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference in the amount of voltage measured from liquid form of malunggay bark extract when method of extraction and amount of extract were varied.On the second set-up, statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from jelly form of malunggay bark extract when obtained through different extraction method. Furthermore, statistically significant difference also exists on the amount of voltage reading when the amount of said form of extract was varied.Statistical analysis of Tables 3.0 and 3.1 indicate that there is significant difference on the amount of voltage measured when the form of extract and amount of extract were varied.ConclusionBased on the results of statistical analysis and observations, the researchers reason that malungggay bark extract could be a viable alternative source of electricity. Moreover, the people behind this study were able to discover that the 15 ml liquid form of extract obtained through crude extraction yielded the highest and most stable amount of voltage among all the treatments done.RecommendationsIn this study the researchers encountered some hindrances which limited the scope of the investigation. Hence, only test for the feasibility of malunggay bark extract as an alternative source of electricity was conducted. Nonetheless, the study does not end with this objective. There are other factors related to electricity generation in malunggay bark extract that should be considered.Researchers would like to propose the following to other people who consider pursuing this projectFurther increase volume of extract in order to obtain higher voltage reading. exchange the extract in a form that will facilitate easier and more stable volt age measurement.Subject the extract to chemical analysis to determine the component responsible for electricity generation.Develop a way to harness electricity from the extract.